Ka la dei ka por ba ki Panchayat kin thaw thymmai bad pyrkhat kum ki nongseng kam ha ka ri (Sushil Kumar Lohani, Ranjan Ghosh)

Da ka Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992, kaba 73, la ai bor ïa ki Gram Panchayat (GP) ban sdang ïa ka juk thymmai jong ka jingsynshar hi dalade ha ki jaka nongkyndong. Ki la dei ban long kiba la pynkupbor ha ka liang ka pisa tyngka, kiba don ka jingkitkhlieh ha ka saiñ hima sima bad kiba lah ban saiñdur thymmai. Watla la don shibun ki jingkiew shaphrang naduh kata ka por, hynrei kata ka jingangnud ka dang urlong tang shiteng. Wat hapdeng ki bor jong ka riti synshar ban pynmih ïa la ka jong ka khajna katkum ka Article 243 H, kiba bun ki GP ki dang shaniah ha ka jingbei tyngka jong ka jylla bad ka sorkar pdeng. Katkum ki jingtip ba thymmai na ka Tnad Panchayati Raj (MoPR) bad ka jingwad bniah jong u snem 2025 da ka National Institute of Public Finance and Policy (NIPFP),ka Own Source Revenue (OSR) ka noh synniang tang 6-7% na ka pisa jong ka Panchayat ha ka ri baroh kawei.
Kiba sah 93-94% ki dang wan na ki grant. Kane ka jingshaniah ka la pynduna ïa ki sienjam ba kyrpang hapoh ki GP. Ki la long kham bunsien ki nongpyntreikam ïa ki skhim sorkar ban ïa ki bor synshar kiba shaniah halade. Ka la dei ka por ban pynkylla ïa kata, ym tang da kaba pynkylla ïa ki kyndon khajna hynrei da kaba shim ïa ka jingmut jingpyrkhat jong ki nongseng kam seng jam hapoh ki Panchayat.
Kane ka long kaba kongsan namar khlem ka bor pynïaid ïa ka pisa tyngka, ki GP kim lah ban pynkhreh kam ne peit shuwa ïa ki kam kiba kongsan katkum ki jingdonkam jong ka thaiñ. Ka kaiphod jong ka NIPFP ka pyni ba wat ha ki jaka ba ka jinglah ban kamai ka don, lyngba ki khajna jaka, ki bai pyndonkam, lane ki jingdon jingem jong ka imlang sahlang – ka jingbym don jong ka jingsaiñdur thymmai, ki rukom treikam digital, bad ka monsaiñ pyrthei ka khanglad ïa ka jingtreikam.
Ki jylla kum ka Kerala, Karnataka, bad Goa ki kham heh ïa ka OSR na ka bynta man u briew (T.286, T.148, bad T.1,635). Ki don ruh ïa ka jinglum khajna digital kaba kham heh, bad ka jingïashim bynta jong ki paidbah. Ha kawei pat ka liang, ki jylla kum ka Jharkhand, Bihar, bad Himachal Pradesh ki lum ïa ka OSR kaba duna bha. Ka kam seng kam seng jam, kumba u Joseph Schumpeter u la batai, ka dei shaphang ka jingkylla kaba thymmai. Na ka bynta ki Panchayat, kane kan mut ban ïaid na ka jinglum na ka por sha ka por sha ka jinglum kaba seisoh bha. Kin hap ban peit biang ïalade bad wad ki lad ki lynti ban pynkylla pisa ïa ki mar ki mata jong ka thaiñ, ban ai ïa ki jingshakri ha ka rukom kaba paka, bad ban pynlut biang ïa ka jingmih na ka bynta ka roi ka par.
Ka jingïatreilang jong ka IIM Ahmedabad (IIMA) dang shen bad ka OSR ha kaba buh jingtip shaphang ki rukom treikam ba bha tam jong ki nongseng kam seng jam ka la pyni ïa ki katto katne ki jingkylla kiba bha ha kane ka liang. Kum ka nuksa, ha Dharmaj, Gujarat, ka GP ka pynïaid ïa ka mang tyngka kaba T.5 klur shisnem ha kaba shiteng na ka ka wan na ka jingmih kaba la ïoh na la ka jong ka jaka.
Da kaba kyntiew biang ïa ki jaka bym pat rep sha ka park ba lah ban pyndonkam bun jait, da kaba lum lyngba ki lad digital ïa ki khajna na ki jaka bad ka um, bad pyndonkam ïa ki jingnoh synñiang na ki NRI jong ka, ka shnong ka pynmih palat T.2.5 klur. Ha Sirasu, Uttarakhand, ka GP ka kamai T.15-20 lak shisnem da kaba shim ha ka dor kaba duna ban shondur shwa ban kyntiew kurim ha ki jaka ba itynnad jong ka. Ki la pyndonkam ïa kane ban bei tyngka na ka bynta ki bording solar bad ki surok. Ha Mukundapurpatna, Odisha, ka jingkamai jong ka GP ka la kiew na ka T.93,000 ha u snem 2006 sha ka T.36.78 lak ha u snem 2018 lyngba ki bai wai temple, bai wai ïew, bad ki jingdon jingem ba la ïoh geo-tag. Kine (bad katto katne kiwei pat) ki GP kim shym la ap ïa ka pisa jong ka sorkar jylla ban poi, ki la pynkylla ïa ki sha ki jaka treikam kiba lah ban kamai pisa.
Watla katta ruh, kine ki nuksa ki long kiba duna bha ban wanrah ïa ka jingkylla kaba kham heh kaba donkam. Hangno kiba bun ki Panchayat ki sahdien? Kham bunsien, lah ban dei namar ka jingbym kwah jong ka kam saiñ pyrthei ban shim khajna kaba mih namar ka jingtieng ïa ka jingkynthoh jong ki nongthep vote. Bun ki GP ki dang bishar bniah ïa ki jingdon jingem da u briew, da ka jingduna ka jingbuh jingtip bad ka jingpyntreikam kaba tlot kaba ïalam sha ka jingbuhdor kaba duna bha.
Ki jingsiew jong ki nongpyndonkam ki long kiba kham ñiar ban pynkylla. Ha ki katto katne ki jylla, ki jingbuh kyndon ïa ki jingsiew kim shym la kylla la bun phew snem. Kane ka la pynlong ïa ka nongrim khajna kaba rit bad kaba sahkut hajuh bad ka kolshor jong ka jingshaniah. Kumba ka kaiphod jong ka NIPFP ka kdew, ka jingpynkupbor ha ka pisa tyngka da ka aiñ ka mut tang khyndiat ka lad khlem ka jingsynshar hi dalade ha ka rukom treikam.
Ka teknoloji ka la sdang ban pynkylla ïa ka jinglong, wat la ka long suki suki. Ka VP Tax Portal jong ka Tamil Nadu ka ailad ban peitngor ha ka por ïa ki jingdon jingem bad ki khajna jong ki nongtrei, katba ka jinglum khajna jong ka Jharkhand kaba plie lad da ka PoS ka la kyntiew ïa ka jingtreikam bad jingshai. Ka jingpynïasoh ïa kum kine ki rukom bad ka jingpynbeit ïa ki jaka hapoh ka SVAMITVA ka lah ban pynïar shibun ïa ka nongrim khajna jong ki Panchayat. Katto katne ki jingpynkylla ha ka rukom treikam kum ka jingithuh paidbah ïa ki nongsiew khajna ha ka por lane ka jingpyni ïa ki jingmih kiba lah ban ïohi (“ka khajna jong phi ka la tei ïa kane ka surok”) ka lah ruh ban kyntiew ïa ka jingbud ryntih da ka mon sngewbha. Ynda ki briew ki ïohi ïa ka jingïadei hapdeng ki khajna bad ki jingpynbha kiba lah ban ïohi, ka jingpyrshah kan hiar – bad ka “jingshaniah ha ka pisa tyngka” kan nang kiew.
Ka sienjam ba dang shen jong ka tnat Panchayati Raj ha ka jingïatreilang bad ka IIM Ahmedabad ha kaba pyntreikam ïa ka sienjam ba kyrpang ban kyntiew ïa ka bor treikam na ka bynta ki nongtrei jong ka Panchayat kan ïarap shibun ban pynurlong ïa ka lad kaba khraw jong ka OSR ha ka shnong ka thaw. Khnang ban kyrshan ïa ki jylla, la shna ruh ïa ka rynsan digital kaba la khot “Samartha” da ka Tnad ban pynsuk ïa ka jingpynïaid ïa ka OSR da ki Panchayat. Ka MoPR ka dang pynshlur ruh ïa ki jylla ban thaw ne pynkylla ïa ki kyndon jong ka OSR ban pynlong ïa ki Panchayat kiba kham kiew shaphrang bad kiba kham donbor.
La pyrshang ruh ban bat ïa ki panchayat ba la ithuh kiba don ïa ka jinglum khajna kaba heh lane kito kiba don ha ki jaka ba marjan sor kiba jan bad ki jaka ba kiew bha ka roi ka par ha kaba thaw ïa ki projek kiba lah ban kamai. Ka bor seng kam seng jam ha kine ki jaka, ngi khmih lynti, ka lah ban wanrah ïa ka jingkylla ha ka ïoh ka kot kaba bha ryngkat bad ki jingmyntoi kiba mih na ka jingkylla.
Ka por ka la dei ban pdiang ba watla ka jingkyntiew ïa ka bai khajna bad ka jinglong jingman ka long kaba kongsan, hynrei dei tang ka jingpyrkhat jong ki nongseng kam seng jam kaba lah ban wanrah ïa ka jingkylla kaba shisha. Kumba ka jingwadbniah jong ka IIMA ka la lap, ki GP kiba pyndonkam ïa ki rukom kamai jakpoh kum ki biogas bad ki karkhana pynmih sboh, ka jingdie ïa ka bording solar, ki ïew ki hat jong ki paidbah, bad ka kam jngohkai pyrthei ki kham laitluid ha ka liang ka pisa tyngka bad ki wad lad ban kiew shuh shuh. Ban pynsted ïa kane ka jingtreikam, ka MoPR ka wanrah ïa ki grant kiba ïadei bad ka jingtreikam kaba ïadei bad ka jingkiew jong ka OSR.
Shuh shuh, lah ruh ban pyrshang ïa ka jingmut jong ki ‘Fiscal Fellows’ ha ki GP ba la jied kiba lah ban peit ïa ka jingpynkhreh kam na ka bynta ka jingpynmih pisa bad lah ruh ban pyrshang ïa ka jingpyniasoh lyngba ki lad digital. Ka Finance Commission kaba 16 ka lah ruh ban pynshlur ïa ki Panchayat da kaba ai khusnam ïa ki jingmih sha kito kiba kyntiew ïa ka OSR – ban ïa kaba shu bud ryntih ïa ki rukom treikam.
Ka jingangnud kaba la slem bha jong ka Gram Swaraj kan sa urlong, ym na ka jingtuid ka pisa na jrong, hynrei da kaba pynmih bad pyndonkam ïa ka naduh ka tynrai. Ki Panchayat ki donkam ban phainoh na ka jingpyrkhat kum ki nongkheiñ jingkheiñ bad phai sha ka jinglong kum ki nongseng kam seng jam, ban wad ïa ki lad ki lynti, ban pynbeit ïa ki jingma, bad ban wanrah biang ïa ki jingmyntoi ha ka imlang sahlang. Ka jingkylla ha ki jaka nongkyndong jong ka India kan ym wan tang na ki skhim thymmai – kan wan ynda ki 2.5 lak tam ki Gram Panchayat jong ka kin nang ban kamai, bad ynda ka jingsynshar shnong kan kylla long ka lad seng kam seng jam kaba khlaiñ tam jong ka ri.
(U Sushil Kumar Lohaniu dei u ophisar IAS bad u dang trei kum u Additional Secretary, ka tnad Panchayati Raj ha ka Sorkar India, u Ranjan Ghoshu dei u nonghikai ha ka IIMA bad u chairperson jong ka Center for Management in Agriculture ha kane ka jaka pule).