Na ka jingbatai lypa ïa ki jingkylla ka suinbneng sha ka jingpynïaid ïa ki kam-ka India ka la jam shaphrang
Ka jingrakhe ïa ki 150 snem ka India Meteorological Department

Dr PS Goel
Secretary barim ka Sorkar India, ka tnad Earth Sciences
Ha u Naitung 2006, haba la sdang ïa ka tnad Earth Sciences ka India ka la long ka ri kaba nyngkong ka ban don ka tnad ba kyrpang na ka bynta ki earth system science. Ka tnad Earth Sciences ka la hap ban wanrah ïa ka jingnang jingstad bad ai ki jingshakri kiba ïadei bad ki earth system science ha ka ri: na ka bynta ka suinbneng, ka jinglong jingman jong ka duriaw bad ki jaka khap duriaw, ki kam kiba ïadei bad ka um, u jumai bad ki jingma kiba wan na ka mariang; ki jingdon jingem ha ki duriaw; bad ki pole jong ka pyrthei (Arctic, Antarctic bad ki Himalaya) na ka bynta ka bha ka miat jong ki briew. La sdang ïa ka tnad Earth Sciences da kaba pynkylla ïa ka tnad Ocean Development lyngba ka Presidential notification da ka Sorkar India.
Da kaba sngap ïa u Professor Rodham Narsimha, uba la ong ba ngi donkam ban pynbha shuh shuh ïa ka jingbatai lypa ïa ka suinbneng da kaba khein ïa ka suinbneng bad ka duriaw kum kawei bad ruh ka solid Earth bad cryosphere, nga la mynjur ban ïalam lynti ïa ka kam ban sdang ïa ka tnad Earth Sciences. Shuwa ba ngan shimti ïa ka tnad Ocean Development ha u Naitung 2005, nga la don lang bad ka Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Satellite Centre, Bengaluru. Kumta haba la sdang ïa ka tnad Earth Sciences ha u 2006, nga la long u Secretary ba nyngkong ban pyntreikam ïa ka jingpynïasoh ïa ki atmospheric science bad ki ocean science hapoh ka jingtreikam jong kane ka tnad. Ha kato ka por, ka jingpynïasoh ïa ka CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Goa bad ka tnad jong ka Geological Survey of India kaba trei ha ki kam kiba ïadei bad ka duriaw hapoh ka tnad Earth Science ka la dei ka kam kaba la pynkhreh hynrei la sangeh shuwa ïa kane ban peit kham bniah ïa ka jingsdang ïa ka Earth Commission kumba long ka Space Commission and Atomic Energy Commission. Hadien ki jingïamir jingmut ba bniah hapdeng ki tnad Sorkar, ka Kynhun Myntri ka la ai jingmynjur ïa ka jingsdang ïa ka tnad Earth Sciences bad ka Earth Commission ha ka 12 tarik u Naitung, 2006. Ka Earth Commission ka la treikam bha ha kaba la pynlong saw tylli ki jingïalang kiba seisoh ha ka ophis u Myntri Rangbah Duh. Hynrei, ka Kynhun Myntri ka la pynbna ba ym shym la ai jingmynjur ïa ka Earth Commission hadien shi snem ka jingtreikam namar ka jingbakla barit ha ka rukom thoh ïa ka Cabinet note. Ki Secretary barim jong ka tnad Earth Sciences bad ki riewshemphang ha ka kam earth sciences ki la sngew ba donkam ban sdang ïa ka Earth Commission ban peit ïa ka jingkylla ka suinbneng bad ki jinglong jingman ha ka pyrthei namar ka jingum u thah ha ki thaiñ Arctic bad Antarctic.
Ha u 1982, la sdang ïa ka tnad Ocean Development ban pyni ïa ka jingdon ka India ha ka thaiñ Antarctic. Kane ka la long ha shuwa ka jingsdang ïa ka National Center for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR) ha Goa, kaba dei tang kawei ka jaka treikam science jong ka India kaba plie lad ïa ka jingleit ki std science sha Antarctica, Arctic bad Himalayas, ka jingsdang bad jingpynïaid ïa ki jaka wad bniah jong ka India ha kine ki jaka bad ka jingpynthikna ka jingdon ka ri bad ki kam jong ka ha ki pole jong ka pyrthei. Dr SZ Qasim, u Secretary ha ka por ba la sdang ïa ka tnad Ocean Development (kaba ju long mynshuwa ka tnad Earth Sciences), u la ïalam ïa ka kynhun kaba nyngkong jong ki stad science ka India sha ka Antarctic ha u 1981-82 bad ki la sdang ïa ka jaka wad bniah ba nyngkong jong ka India ha ka Antarctic kaba tip kum ka ‘Dakshin Gangotri’ ha u 1983. Haba ngi ïaid shakhmat sha ki snem ba kut jong ki 1990, ka tnad Ocean Development ka la shim ïa ka National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Chennai bad ka Indian National Center for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Hyderabad, hapoh ka jingtreikam jong ka kaba pyni ïa ka jingkongsan jong ka teknoloji kaba ïadei bad ki duriaw bad ki jingai jingshakri kiba ïadei bad ka duriaw ha ka ïoh ka kot bad ka jingim jong ki briew, bad ïa kane la pynshlur da u Secretary ka tnad Ocean Development ha kato ka por Dr A E Muthunayagam. U Secretary shuwa jong u bad uba bud ïa u, Dr VK Gaur bad Dr HK Gupta, ki dei kiba la pawnam ha ki kam kiba ïadei bad u jummai kiba la don ha ki kyrdan kiba halor jong ka National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad.
La wanrah ïa ka India Meteorology Department (IMD) hapoh ka tnad Earth Sciences ha u 2006, watla kane ka dei kawei na ki tnad ba rim tam jong ka Sorkar India. La sdang ïa kane ha u 1875 (khamtam ban sngewthuh ïa ka por slap ha India) ba la pynïaid ïa ka da ki nong Bilat haduh ynda ïoh jinglaitluid ka India. Ka IMD kan rakhe ïa ki 150 snem ka jingai jingshakri ha ka 14 tarik u Kyllalyngkot, 2025. Ka IMD ka dang bteng ban long kawei na ki jaka treikam ba kongsan tam kaba ktah ïa ka jingim jong ki briew ka India bad kaba don jingïadei bad ka jingim bad ka kamai kajih jong ki lak ngut ki nongrep man ka sngi. Ka Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune bad ka National Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), Noida, kiba la sdang treikam ha u 1962 bad 1988 ban ïarap ïa ki kam bad ki jingai jingshakri ka IMD, ki don hapoh ka tnad Earth Sciences naduh u 2006. Ka IMD, IITM, bad NCMRWF mynshuwa ki ju don hapoh ka tnad Science and Technology.
Hadien ka jinglaitluid jong ka India ha u 1947, la kynriah ïa ka IMD sha ka Civil Aviation bad ki nongtrei jong ka (ba kynthup ïa ki stad science) ki dei kiba la wanrah hapoh ka jingpeit jong ka Union Public Services Commission (UPSC). La leh ïa kane namar ka la don ka jingsngew bad ka IMD ka dei tang ka jingai jingshakri, kaba ai jingtip shaphang ki jingkylla ka suinbneng ïa ki nongpynher liengsuin. Kane ka dei ka por ha kaba ka jinglong jong ka IMD ka la shah ktah bha bad ki kam kiba ai mynsiem ki long tng ki jingïakren bad ki kynhun kum ka World Meteorological Organization (WMO) kiba la bteng ban ïaid shakhmat. Ha u 1985, la pynkynriah ïa ka IMD sha ka tnad Science and Technology, ha kaba ka la bteng ban shaniah ha ki rukom treikam bad ka jingstad ki briew ban ai jingtip shaphang ki jingkylla ka suinbneng. Ka jingwanrah ïa ka IMD hapoh ka tnad Earth Sciences ha u 2006 ka la dei ka rai kaba heh. La peit kham bniah ïa ka jingkyntiew ïa ka rynsan ban peit ïa ki kam bad ki jingdon jingem (ka jingsdang kham bun bad ka jingpynbha ïa ki Doppler Weather Radar, Automatic Weather Station bad Radiosonde, ba pynïasoh ïa ka data sha ki central processing station ha Delhi bad Pune) bad ka jingpdiang ïa ka jingpyndonkam ïa ka physics ban batai lypa ïa ki jingkylla ka suinbneng. Shuh shuh, la pynkylla ïa ka sha ka jaka treikam ha ki kam science kaba mut ba ki kam hapoh ka IMD ki dei kiba la ai sha kito kiba wan na ka nongrim science. Kine ki jingpynkyla ki la wanrah ïa ka jingkiew shaphrang ha ka jingbatai lypa ïa ki jingkylla ka suinbneng, ki eriong bad ki jinglynshop ka mariang, bad mynta la ithuh ïa kane ka kam kum kawei na kiba biang tam ha ka pyrthei.
Ki kam ha ki por ban wan
Ka India ka don ka imlang sahlang kaba shaniah ha ka kam rep ha kaba palat 70% ka dei ka bynta jong ki nongrep barit baria bad kumta ngi donkam ïa ka jingbatai kaba biang shaphang ki jingkylla ka mariang. Kine ki shiphew snem kiba la dep ki la sakhi ïa ka jingkiew shaphrang ha ki jingai jingshakri kiba ïadei bad ka suinbneng bad ki jingdon jingem. Ka jingsdang ïa ka Mission Mausam ha u 2024 ka thmu ban pynbha shuh shuh ïa ki kam ha kine ki ar sngm ban wan. Ka rynsan peit kam jong ka ri, ka jingpeit ïa ka data, ka jingai jingtip ki dei kiba ai jingmyntoi bha ïa ki briew jong ngi. Ngi dei ban bteng ban trei shitom ban pynlong ïa ki kam agromet jong ngi kiba ïahap bad ki nongrep bad ngi dei ban kham pynkhlaiñ ïa ka bor batai lypa ïa ki jinghap phria, ki jingsop thah ïa ki liengsuin, ki jingtwa khyndew, ki jingshlei um bad kiwei kiwei. Ngi dang sdang ïa ki jaka treikam ban peit ïa ki rukom treikam ba kham bha kiba ïadei bad ki jingkylla ka suinbneng kum ka cloud seeding ban pynhap slap ha ki jaka ba duna um.
Ka suinbneng ka dei kaba bun bynta bad kumta ka jingbatai lypa (khamtam ka jingbatai lypa ïa ka por slap saw lane hynriew bnai shuwa ka por) ka dei kaba lah ban leh tang lyngba ka numerical modelling bad artificial intelligence (AI). Ka jingpeit ïa ki jingkylla namar ka jingkiew ka jingshit ha ka pyrthei ruh ka donkam ïa ki rukom treikam AI. Ka IMD ka don ka data kaba ïar kaba lah ban ïarap bha ïa ka jingbatai lypa da kaba pyndonkam ïa ka AI. Ïa ka high-performance supercomputer jong ka Tnad la kyntiew sha ka ~22 petaflops (ha ka bor treikam lang) ha u 2024 (na ka ~6 petaflops), bad ka resolution ka dei kaba la kyntiew na ka 70 kms sha ka 12 kms ha kine ki shiphew snem ba la dep. Hynrei ka bor kaba heh ha ka computing bad ka jingkyntiew ïa ka resolution ki long tang ka bynta kaba rit ha ka kam batai lypa ïa ki jingkylla ka suinbneng. Ïa ka resolution la pynïaryngkat bad ka rynsan peit kam kaba dang kham ïar. Na ka bynta kane, ka tnad Earth Sciences/IMD ka la pynkhreh ban wanrah ïa ka rynsan jong ki Doppler Weather Radar, radiosonde, AWS, bad kiwei kiwei. Wat la kata, kine ki dei tang ha ka khyndew, kaba mut ba ki lad peit kam ha ki duriaw kiba ïahap bad ka resolution ba donkam khnang ban ïoh ïa ka jingseisoh ki kam ki dei ki ban pynbiang ha kine ki por ban wan. Ka tnad ka lah ruh ban pyndonkam ïa ka kam kaba dang mih ha ki computer: ka Quantum Computer, kaba 50Qbit kaba lah ban decode ïa ki encryption ha ki sekon, kaba ki computer mynta ki donkam da ki billion snem ban pyndep. Dei ban peit ïa ka tnad Earth Sciences kum ka dkhot ba treikam jong ka National Quantum Mission hapoh ka Prime Minister’s Science and Technology Innovation Advisory Council (PM-STIAC), kaba pynïaid da ka ophis u Principal Scientific Advisor (PSA) sha ka Sorkar India.
Lyngba ki jingjam shakhmat ha ki jingdon jingem bad ka computing, ka long kaba donkam ruh ban bteng ban pynkhlaiñ ïa ki jingpeit lyngba ki satellite ban kyntiew ïa ki jingai jingshakri kiba ïadei bad ka suinbneng. Ka dang long kaba donkam ban don shuh shuh ki satellite kiba don ki sensor kiba khlaiñ kum ki multi-channel profiler, microwave sounder, scatterometers, ocean colour monitor bad kiewi kiwei na ka bynta ka jingpeit ïa ki jingkylla ka suinbneng. Kumta, ka ISRO bad ka tnad Earth Sciences ki dei ban bteng ban ïatrei lang. Shuh shuh ka bynta jong ka ISRO ka dei ban kham ïar na ka jingpynbiang satellite sha ka nongïatreilang ha ka satellite meteorology. Ka kynhun treikam hapdeng ka tnad Earth Sciences bad ISRO kum ki subcommittee jong ka National Natural Resource Management System kan ïarap bha. Ki kynhun ka UN kum ka WMO ki dei ban plie lad ïa ka jingwanrah ïa ka rukom treikam kaba ryntih, ka jingpynher ïa ki satellite bad ka jingïasam ïa ka data. Ki jingbei tyngka ha ka jingkyntiew ïa ka bor treikam ka dei ban bteng ban long ka kam kaba kongsan.
Ki 150 snem jong ka IMD ïa kiba la rakhe lyngba ki kam bapher bapher ha kaba ka nongrim ka dei ka jingai jingtip bad ka jingïadei bad ki briew, kiba long baroh shi snem, ka dei ka jingpynkynmaw ïa ka mynsiem kaba khlaiñ jong ngi, bad ka jingthrang ban ai jingshakri ïa ki briew. Ngi bteng ban pynurlong ïa ka thong S3: Ka Science for Service ïa ki briew jong ngi bad na ka bynta ka bha ka miat jong ka Society.