Dr. R. P. Kharshiing, Mawkohmon, Mawphlang
Ka Maitphang: Ka 17tarik Naitung manla ka snem ka dei ka sngi kyrpang jong ka jaitbynriew Khasi, ha kaba la ithuh kyrpang ïa u Tirot Sing kum u nongïaleh laitluid ki Khasi. U Tirot Sing u dei u syiem ka Hima Nongkhlaw naduh ka snem 1826 haduh 1835. U long ruh u khlawait ka jaitbynriew Khasi pyrshah ïa ki phareng (sorkar Bilat) kiba la wan thombor bad leh don bor ïa ki dkhot ka jaitbynriew. U kit ruh ïa ka lyngkor nongïalam kum u nongpyrsad mynsiem ban pynher krad ïa ki nongshun na kane ka khyndew ba kyntang jong ka Bri u Hynñiewtrep. Haba pyrshang ban tihbniah ïa ka jingim bad ki kam u Tirot Sing, ki don bun syrtap ki jingjia. Hynrei ha kane ka jingthoh, yn wanrah tang katto katne ki bynta ba donkam eh kiba ïathuh halor u Tirot Sing bad ki symboh pyrkhat kiba mih na ka jingleh jingkam jong u.
Ka jingïatyngkhuh banyngkong eh hapdeng ki phareng bad ki Khasi:
Ki Khasi ki la ïatyngkhuh nongkong eh bad ki phareng ha ka snem 1765, hadien ba ka East India Company ka la shimti ïa ka Diwani ha Shilot bad Goalpara kaba la aiti da u Patsha ki Mongol. Ha kine ki snem ki Hima Khasi ki ïar shaduh ki bynta jong ka them Assam bad Shilot (mynta Bangladesh). Ha ka jingïadei, bunsien ki phareng ki ju tam pud shapoh ki Hima Khasi; ki khang lad ïa ki Khasi ban khaïi sha ki jaka jong ki bad ki ju pyrshang ruh ban pynbor ïa ki raïot jong ki Hima Khasi ban pyndem ha ki.
Sa kiwei pat ki jingïatyngkhuh ki long, naduh ka snem 1820 ter ter, ka sorkar Bilat katkum ka jurip ban kham suk ka leit ka wan ki la i donkam ban shna surok noh na Assam sha Sylhet lyngba ki Hima Khasi. Kumta u David Scott, u Agent sha u Governor General ka North Eastern Frontier u ju pyrshang ban pynïadei paralok bad ki Syiem Khasi khnang ba kin shah ban pom surok kulai. Nangta ha ka snem 1824, ka sorkar Bilat ka la ïateh lok bad u Ram Sing, Syiem ka Hima Sutnga ha ka 10 tarik Lber, 1824. Kane ka jingïateh ka long ban ïatrei lang bad ban ïarap mar kylliang hapdeng ka thma jong ka sorkar Bilat pyrshah ïa ki Burmese.
Tiak halor ka jingim u Tirot Sing bad ka jingshimti ïa ka khet Syiem:
La kha ïa u Tirot Sing hapdeng ki snem 1800 – 1805, na ka longïing lane ka kur kaba dei ban shimti ïa ka kam synshar ha ka Hima Nongkhlaw. Ka kmie ka kyrteng ka Ksan Syiem, kaba dei shipara trai bad u Haiñ Sing Syiem. Kum uwei na ki khun dap shynrang uba wan na ka kur ban shimti ïa ka kam synshar, ka long kaba donkam ba u dei ban nang ban tip ïa ka kam synshar, kam bishar, ki aiñ ki kanun, ki riti ki dustur, ban bat khnam bat ryntih, ban bat wait bat stieh bad ban bat sum.
Kumta haba u la kynjoh sha ka jinglong khynnah ba pura, u la shah pyntbit ha ki ar ngut ki nonghikai. U Saikia na Nawgong ban hikai ïa ka ktien Assamese khnang ban suk ban treikam Hima namar ka Hima Nongkhlaw ka ïar shaduh Bordwar kaba don ha them Assam. Nangta u Rojen na Jaraiñ pat u hikai kumno ban pyndonkam ïa u khnam, ka ryntih, ka wait, u sum bad kiwei. Nalor ki nonghikai u ïoh ruh ka jingkdew lynti na ki kñi, ki tymmen ki san, ki bakhraw ka Hima bad ka jingkyrshan na ka Kmie. Kane ka pynlong ïa u Tirot Sing ban san ha ka jingstad ka jingshemphang bad ban nang ban ieit ïa la ka kynja.
Ha ka snem 1826, u Konrai Sing u syiem ka Hima Nongkhlaw u la khlad noh bad la thung bujli da u Tirot Sing ban shimti ïa ka khet Syiem. Hooid ha ka jingshisha dei u Rijon Sing uba dei hok ban shimti ïa ka khet syiem, hynrei namar ba u dang rit eh la bynshet noh ha u Tirot Sing; kane ka long hadien ka jingïasngewthuh jingmut lang. U Tirot Sing u shimti ïa ka khet syiem mynba u dang don ha ka rta kaba tang hapoh 25 snem. Watla u dang shu kynjoh samla pura, hynrei ka Hima baroh kawei ka pdiang ïa ka jingpynbeit ka ïing syiem. Kane baroh ka dei lyngba ki jinglong babha bad baskhem jingmut u Tirot Sing, kaba pynlong ïa ki khun ki hajar ban ieit bad shaniah ha u kum u nongïalam.
Haba u Tirot Sing u la shimti ïa ka khet syiem, kum u nongïalam uba dang thymmai u la dei ban mad ïa ki jingtynjuh bad ka sohsat kaba khraw. Ki jingeh kiba ha khmat eh ki long; (1) Ban pynïoh biang ïa ka Bordwar, ka jaka them jong ka Hima Nongkhlaw kaba don ha Assam. Kine ki jaka ki dei kiba la shah klun ha ka sorkar Bilat, hadien ka jingsoi ki phareng ïa ka jingkren ïasuk thma bad ki Burmese ha ka 24.2.1826, ïa kaba la tip da ka Treaty of Yandabo. (2) Ka jingkyrpad ka East India Company ban shah ban shna surok na Kamrup sha Sylhet lyngba ki Hima Khasi. Ïa kaba u David Scott u la dep pynsngew sha ki Hima Khasi naduh ka snem 1820. (3) Ka jingthawlad ki phareng ban bsuh khlieh ha ri Khasi, hadien ka jingïohi ïa ka jingdon ki mar poh khyndew.
Watla ka Hima Nongkhlaw ka ïa tyngkhuh ïa kine ki jingeh. Hynrei u Syiem Tirot Sing u ïeng triang ban pynïaid ïa ka kam da kaba ïapyrkhat lang bin pa bin ryngkat ki Myntri, ki bakhraw, ki tymmen ki san, bad ka Dorbar hi baroh kawei. Kumjuh ruh bad ki para nongsynshar jong kiwei ki Hima kiba don ha Ri Khasi. Da ka jingïamynjur lang, ha ka 30tarik Naiwieng, 1826 u Tirot Sing u la ïasoi soskular bad u David Scott ban shah ïa ka East India Company ban tih surok na Kamrup lyngba ka Nongkhlaw, Mairang, Mawphlang, Sohra ter ter shaduh Sylhet. Ka jingthmu ka long ba ki khun ki hajar kin suk bad roi ha ka kam khaïi pateng, kin ïoh jingmyntoi na ka kompani bad ban pynïoh biang ka jinglong trai ïa ki jaka them (Bordwar) kumba la ïa pynbeit.
Ki daw jong ka thma bad ka jingïaleh u Syiem Tirot Sing haduh ka jingïap:
Katba ka kam shna surok ka nang ïaid, ka kompani ruh ka la nang wan ïalam nongtrei shuh shuh na bar; kaba kynthup ïa ki dohlieh bad dohïong kumjuh. Ha kaba sdang i kumba ka kam ka ïaid beit hynrei katba nangmih ki sngi bad ki bnai ki nongtrei ka kompani ki la sdang ban shim kabu. Kawei na ki daw ba ha khmat eh ka dei ka jingleh donbor bad ka jingñiew poh ïa ki Khasi da kaba peit beiñ kum ki briew kiba tlot bor. Ki briew ka kompani, man ka por ki ju pynmih ruh ka jingïania ïamai, ka jingïashoh ïadat bad ka jingleh khlem akor ïa ki kynthei ki khynnah. Ka jingkren kyllaiñ ka Hima Bilat halor ka jingkam trai ïa ki jaka them ka Hima Nongkhlaw; ka dei sa kawei ka daw, ha kaba ki oh pynban da ka khajna ba heh ha ka jaka ban aiti kumba la ïakut.
Nangta ka jingkren beiñ u pion Bengalee ïa ki Khasi ka long shuh shuh ka daw kaba kynton ïa ka jingjia jong ka thma. Une u dkhar u la kren beiñ da kaba ong ba u Iskat sahep un sa dakhol ïa ka Hima bad pynlong ïa ki khun ki hajar tang ki raïot sorkar kiba shah oh khajna. Khatduh eh ka daw jong ka thma ka dei ka buit sianti ki phareng ban pyrshang pharia bad synshar (divide & rule) ïa ka jinglong tylli ki Hima Khasi, namar ki sngewthuh shai lada ki ïa tylli mlon ym long ban ïaleh. Watla ki la pyrshang ban pyntlot bor katto katne ki Hima, hynrei kiba bun hi ki ïeng triang ban long kawei ka sur.
Kine ki jingjia ki la poi bunsien ha ki tyndong shkor u Syiem Tirot Sing, lyngba ka jingmudui ki khun ki hajar bad na ki para syiem ki Hima Khasi. Kumta u Tirot Sing u la lum kyrkieh ïa ka jingïalang ba jar jar ha ka 1tarik Ïaïong, 1829 ryngkat ki syiem Khasi bad ka rai kaba la riji lang ka long ban pynher krad beit noh ïa ki nongshun na kane ka bri u Hynñiewtrep da ka wait ka stieh. Hadien ba la phah kyrwoh kyrkieh sha baroh ki Hima Khasi ban long kiba la khreh, ka thma ka sdang ha ka 4tarik Ïaïong, 1829 da ka jinghiarthma ba kyndit kyndit ki Khasi ïa ka Dak Bangla bad len shipai ki phareng ha Nongkhlaw. Ha kane ka jingjia, ka la don ka jingïapam bad ka jingpynïap briew ba shyrkhei ba la tip ha ka ktien nongwei ‘Nongkhlaw Massacre’. La don kumba 50-60 ngut ki shipai kiba la ïap ha shen na kane ka jinghiar thma kyndit ryngkat u Lieutenant Beddingfield. Katba u Lieutenant Borlton u la lait phet shaphang Assam bad ha lynti la ïoh ban pynïap noh ïa u. Ha kane ka jingjia u David Scott u la lait na ka jingïap bad lah ban ong ba u long uba donbok namar u la don ha Sohra hadien ba u la mih shuwa 2 lane 3 sngi na Nongkhlaw.
Naduh katei ka sngi ka thma kaba jur ka sdang ban pluh ha kylleng sawdong ka ri Khasi. Watla ka sorkar Bilat ka la pyrshang ban thom da ka bor, hynrei ka jingtbit bad ka jingsatar ki khlawait ka ri Khasi ka la pyndum buit ïa ki phareng. Ki la kthong ruh ban ïoh kem ïa u Tirot Sing kum u nongïalam, da kaba thong pisa Rs. 1000 tyngka kum ka buskit ïa kino kino kiba ïathuh hangno u don. Ka mynsiem ïaleh u Tirot Sing ka rung ruh ha kiba bun ki khlawait ka ri ha kaba ki la rai ban ïaleh haduh ban da jop, watla dei ba ki pha ïa la ka jingim. Ki khlawait ki kynthup ïa u Bormanik Syiem, Monbhut, Kheiñkongor, Lorshon Jaraiñ bad kiwei. Ym tang ki rangbah wat ki kynthei Khasi ruh ki la pyndonkam ïa la ka buit kum ka Phan Nonglait bad ka Lar Nongsyntiat na Maharam. Kumta lah ban sngewthuh ba kane ka thma ka long hapdeng ki riew ieit ri pyrshah ïa ki riew ieit bor.
Hadien ka jingïap u David Scott ha ka snem 1831, ka sorkar Bilat ka la thung bujli noh da u T. C. Robertson kum u Agent sha u Governor General. Une u sahep ryngkat bad u Lieutenant H. Inglis ki la pyrshang ban pynkut noh ïa ka thma da ka jingïakren ïasuk, ha kaba la pynsngew ba ka thma ka wanrah shibun ka jingduh bad ka jingeh ïa ki paidbah. Kumta la lah ban pynkohnguh bad khroh ïa u Sing Manik, u Syiem ka Hima Khyrim ban long u ksiang na ka bynta ka jingïakren ïasuk, hynrei ha lyndet ki phareng ki don la ka jong ka jingthmu. Ha ka snem 1832 ki la pyrshang bunsien ban pynïamir jingmut hynrei ym lah ban pyndem ïa ka mynsiem u Tirot Sing. Dei ha ka 13tarik Kyllalyngkot, 1833 ba u Tirot Sing u pdiang ban ïakren ïasuk, da ka jingmut kaba sngur. Phewse u Lieutenant H. Inglis ha ka jingïakynduh, u kem koidi pynban ïa u da kaba pynkhreh ryngkat ki 30 ngut ki rang kiengstieh kiengsum bad 11 ngut ki rang siat suloi. Ha ka 15 bad 16tarik Kyllalyngkot, 1833 la tian bishar bad pynngat ha ki kyndon kiba eh bha. Khatduh ka ïing bishar ka rai pynrem da kaba set phatok shirta jingim bad la pynkynriah noh ïa u na ri Khasi sha ka phatok ha Dhaka ha ka 17tarik Kyllalyngkot, 1833.
Watla u Syiem Tirot Sing, u la don ha ïing byndi da ka jingshet kylla ki phareng ban kem jubor ïa u, hynrei ka mynsiem ïaleh ka im hapoh jong u. Ki la tyrwa ban pynlait bad aiti biang ïa ka khet syiem ha u lada u kloi ban kohnguh bad shah ban pynïaid hapoh ka jingkhmih ka sorkar Bilat. Hynrei u la kren shai da kaba ong; “ka kham bha ba ngan ïap kum u syiem ba laitluid ban ïa kaba synshar kum u syiem mraw”. Hooid ki phareng ki la lah ban pynshitom ïa ka met u Tirot Sing, hynrei kim shym la lah pat ban pyndem ïa ka mut ka pyrkhat ieit jaitbynriew. Wat haduh ka sngi jong ka jingïap, kata ha ka 17tarik Naitung, 1835 ha ïing byndi ha Dhaka (mynta ka Bangladesh).
Ki symboh pyrkhat na ki jingleh jingkam u Tirot Sing:
Haduh mynta, ka sngi ïap u Tirot Sing ka la kot 191 snem; hynrei ki matti ba u la len na ka bynta ka jaitbynriew kin neh bad sah shirta kum ki symboh pyrkhat sha ki dkhot ka jaitbynriew. Wei; u Tirot Sing u pynïatylli bad tehsong ïa ka jinglong kawei ka jaitbynriew ha ka jingïaleh pyrshah ïa ki nongshun. Kane ka paw hadien ba ka sorkar Bilat ka la thom bor ïa ka Ri, u la lum jingïalang jar jar ïa ki Hima Khasi ha ka 1.7.1829 ban ïa pyrkhatlang ban pynher krad ïa ki. Kumta u Tirot Sing u long u nongmuna ym tang na bynta ka Hima Nongkhlaw, hynrei na ka bynta ka Jaitbynriew Khasi hi baroh kawei.
Ar, u long u nongkyrsiew thiah ban pynim ïa ka sap pyntbit kaba la don lypa kumba la saiñdur da u longshuwa manshuwa. Hooid u Khasi u long uba tbit bha kum ki nongsaiñ hima, nongsynshar, khlawait kiba shynrang mynsiem, nongsaiñ nar, nongshna tiar, nongkhaïi, bad kiwei. Hynrei mynta ngi la sdang kyrduh bad kane ka jia naduh ba la ïakhleh khawlang ha ka imlang sahlang. Ngi la sdang ban klet ïa la ka jong bad ngi pyrshang pynban ban pyrthuhbud lane kner ïa ka jong kiwei. Kumta ka jingjia ha ka por u Tirot Sing ka kyrsiew thiah sa shisien pat ban pynim ïa ka sap kum ki nongsynshar ba shemphang ban ïalam ïa ka jaitbynriew bad ban pynkhlaiñ ruh ka khaïi pateng da kaba pynmih ki tiar trai ri khlem da ap khmih lynti na kiwei (kum kaba saiñ nar).
Lai, u Tirot Sing u don ka mynsiem ieit ri ba shisha, ïa kane lah ban sngewthuh na ki kyntien khatduh jong u; “Ka kham bha ba ngan ïap kum u syiem ba laitluid ban ïa kaba synshar kum u syiem mraw”. Hooid ki phareng ki la thong da u sbai bad ka burom, hynrei triang u ïeng skhem kum u nongjop uba khuid bad shynrang mynsiem haduh ka sngi ka jingïap. Kumta u Tirot Sing u long ka nuksa na ka bynta ki dkhot ka jaitbynriew ban nang ban ieit bad ban burom ïa la ka kynja kaba la pynheh pynsan. Kampher watla dei ban tyngkhuh ïa ki jingtynjuh kibym lah kiar, hynrei ban ïeng skhem triang kum kiba laitluid ym tang na ka bynta shimet hynrei na ka bynta ka lawei jong ka jaitbynriew. Khatduh eh, ka jingkynmaw ïa u Tirot Sing kam dei tang ka jingburom ïa ki kam jong u, hynrei halor ki symboh pyrkhat kiba u la ieh dak ha ki longdien mandien ka jaitbynriew Khasi bad ka jingkylli ka long, Aiu pat mangi ngin leh na ka bynta ka Jaitbynriew?…
(Par jingtip: La pynshong nongrim na ki jingthoh wadbniah u H. Bareh, David R. Syiemlieh, D.R.L. Nonglait, R.S. Lyngdoh, bad Kong H. Giri)