Ri Hynñiewtrep hapoh ki Phareng, hapoh ka Indian Dominion, hapoh Assam bad hapoh Meghalaya; Nangta hapoh kaei pat ?

Ki TRH (ki Trai Ri Hynñiewtrep), la ki dei na ka Kur Diengdoh ne Laloo ne Lamin, Massar ne Marbaniang, Shadap ne Passah ne Nongkynrih bad kiwei kiwei de ki Kur, la ki shong ki sah ha Sor ne Lynngam, Khynriam ne Pnar, Bhoi ne War, ki dei hi ki TRH. Ki TRH ki long kiba kiba Tipbriew kiba Tipblei, ki sngewthuh bha ïa ka jingmut – “Sngewbieit”, “Sngewpap” bad “Sngewsang”. Shuwa ban pur shakhmat, kane ka jingthoh ka don ruh bad ka jingkynmaw ïa ka “Black Flag Demonstration” ha ka 27.06.1952
TRH hapoh ki Phareng (naduh ki por 1774 haduh 14.08.1947):
Kumba baroh ngi ïa tip, ka jingsynshar Phareng “British Raj” ha ka dewbah India ka kynthup halor kine lai tylli:-
“British India” (e.g ka Khasi & Jaiñtia Hills District ka dei ka British Area hapoh Assam Province)
“Indian States” (e.g ki Khasi States ki dei kiwei na kita ki States, kiba ïadei beit bad ka jingsynshar na Bilat lyngba u Crown Representative ha Delhi, – kim hap ha kano kano ka province)
“Tribal Areas”
Ka Ri Hynñiewtrep naduh kito ki por hadien ka snem1774 ter-ter lyngba ki por haduh Independence Day (15.08.1947) nangta haduh 25.01.1950 ka kynthup ïa ki Hima Khasi (Khasi States) bad ka ‘Khasi & Jaiñtia Hills District’ (‘British India’). (Bad mynta hapoh ka state Meghalaya, ka Ri Hynñiewtrep ka don ha East Meghalaya)
ka Hima Sutnga (kaba la tip ruh kum ka Hima Jaiñtia) kum kawei na ki Hima Khasi ba kham paw, ka la ïa tyngkhuh bad ka Sorkar Phareng naduh ka snem 1774. Ka Hima ka kynthup ïa ki jaka kiba Bhoi (Slopeland), ki jaka kiba Pnar (Table land), Ki jaka kiba War (Steepland) bad ki jaka kiba thor (Lowland). Ha thor Sylhet ka Hima Jaiñtia ka don 17 tylli ki “Pargana”. Ha ka jingshisha ka Sorkar Phareng kam don jingthmu ban shimti ïa ki jaka lum jong ka Hima Jaiñtia, hynrei namar ba u Syiem Rajendra Singh um treh ban long Syiem tang ha ki jaka lum jong ka Hima Jaiñtia, kumta ka Sorkar Phareng ka la ai noh da ka pension san spah tyngka shibnai. Kumta ka Hima Sutnga (hima Jaiñtia) ka la kylla long noh ka ‘area’ jong ka “British India”. Haba ka Hima ka la don hapoh ki Phareng, te la sdang ban don ka jinglushia ïa ki hok ki riti jong ki khun ki hajar jong ka it ka Hima, ki shnat, ki raid bad ki shnong ki thaw.
Ka Hima Sohra ruh, nalor ki jaka phlang kiba Pnar (Table Land) bad ki jaka ki riat kiba War (Steepland), ka kynthup ruh artylli ki “Pargana” ha thor Sylhet, bad kita ki long ka Angajur bad Fatehpur. Kumjuh hangne ki Phareng ki la lushia ïa ki hoh ki riti ka Hima Sohra bad kiwei ki Hima Khasi ruh.
Kum ka Jaitbynriew, ngi la lah ban pynmih bun ki ‘riew ieit Ri’, kiba la im bad ïap na ka bynta ka jingbha jong ki longdien mandien, kum ki jong u Bormanik, Sngap Sing, Tirot Sing, Kiang Nangbah bad kiwei kiwei. Ka shongnia eh ban tei mot, ban pynsah nam ïa ki, bad ngi duwai ruh ba ka mynsiem jong ki kan shong suk junom ha Dwar U Blei.
TRH hapoh ka Dominion of India (naduh 15.08.1947 haduh 25.01.1950) :
Lyngba ka history ngi tip ba ki Khasi States ki soi tang ïa “Instrument of Accession” namar ba ki sngewbiang ban don hapoh u pud u sam jong ka Ri India ryngkat bad ki kyndon kiba don ha ka Annexed Agreement ha kaba la dei bad la lah ruh ban pynrung ïa ki “British Areas” (Khasi & Jaiñtia Hills District) lang hapoh ka “Federation of Khasi States”. Kumta la aiti ha ka Dorbar Thaw Riti jong ki Hima Khasi (Khasi States Constitution Making Durbar-KSCMD) ban ai jingmut ïa ka Constituent Assembly of India ban leh ïa kaba donkam. La plie (inaugurated) ïa ka KSCMD ha ka 29.04.1949 ha Dinam Hall, Jaïaw, ha kaba u Sh. Sriprakasa, u Agent to the Crown Representative (uba long ruh haka juh ka por u Governor of Assam) u la ïa don lang. Ha kawei na ki jingïalang jong ka KSCMD kaba long ha ka 16.07.1949, u Bah Rosaiah Nongrem ruh u la u la pynpaw ïa ka jingsngew jong u ba ka Sixth Schedule kam dei ka ?ing jong ki Khasi States. Ka KSCMD ha ka 21.07.1949 lyngba ka Resolution sha ka Sorkar India ka la pyni ïa kata ka jingangnud ba ka Ri jong ngi kan don ha ka kyrdan ba kan paw syndon ha ka ‘First Schedule’ (nuksa :kum ba long ka state Nagaland ne Chattisgarh ne Telengana kumta ter-ter).
Naduh ka 26.01.1950 (Republic Day), ki “Khasi States” la kumba lah shah rah suid-tynjang ki la shu hap la ka hap noh hapoh u pud u sam jong ka ASSAM STATE kat kum ka jingbatai kaba paw ha ka ‘First Schedule’ jong ka Constitution of India kaba la pynlong shuh shuh ruh ba ki “Khasi States” kin hap la ka hap noh hapoh u pud u sam jong ka AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT (United Khasi-Jaiñtia Hills Autonomous District) kat kum ka jingbatai kaba paw ha ka Paragraph 20:sub-paragraph (2) jong ka Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India. Ka jingkylli kaba mih ka long balei ka leit long kumne? Ki students bad research scholars jong ka History bad Political Science lehse kin ïoh ka lad kaba khraw bha ban wad ban thoud.
Haba puson ïa katei ka jingkylli lah ban shem na ki dulir ba ha ka Constituent Assembly, lyngba ki jingïatai halor ka jingïapynwandur ïa ka draft Constitution haduh ba kan da long ka final Constitution, ka phalang ba ha ka jaka ban kyntiew sha ka “First Schedule” ïa ka ‘British Area’ (Khasi & Jaiñtia Hills District) ban ïadon lang hapoh kawei ka jylla RI HYNNIEWTREP ryngkat bad ki KHASI STATES, katkum ba la plie lad plie lynti lyngba ki kyndon ba la kdew ha ka paragraph kaba 4 jong ka Annexed Agreement kaba long ka bynta ba pura jong ka “Instrument of Accession” ba la soi da ki Khasi States bad ka Sorkar- Dominion of India, hynrei ka la long da khongpong, ha kaba la pynhiar kyrdan (relegate) pynban ïa ki Khasi States sha ka kyrdan Sixth Schedule.
Kat kum ka Draft Constitution of India, ka paw ha ka Sixth Schedule, ba ka “Khasi & Jaiñtia Hills District” ka dei kawei na ki “Autonomous District’’ hapoh Assam. Bad khamakha, ki “Khasi States” kiba don ka kyrdan kaba kham halor ban ïa kata ka autonomous district, ki la shu shah thynnian, shah phrung lang hapoh katei ka “Autonomous District” kat kum ba paw na ka paragraph 20;sub-paragraph(2) of the Sixth Schedule.
Kan jin da la biang eh ba ynda dei katta, naduh kitei ki sngi, lada ka Ri Hynñiewtrep ka la don lypa ha ka ‘First Schedule’ jong ka Constitution of India ryngkat bad ki kyndon ba la kdew ha ka Annexed Agreement jong ka Instrument of Accession. Lehse kata kam shym la long, namar ba la lah don jingbnoh na sha kawei pat ka liang.
Haba phai sha ki dulir bad ki records (kum ka White Paper on Indian States)ka phalang na ki jingkynthoh la kumba la don ka jingleh-isynei (special favour) ïa ki ‘Khasi States’ ban ïoh ban don ha ka Sixth Schedule, katba u Syed Saadullah, uwei na ki member jong ka Constituent Assembly na Assam ha ka jingkren jong u ha ka 21.11.1949 haba ïa shim bynta ha ka ‘Third Reading’ halor ka Constitution of India u ong ba ka don ka ‘Constitutional Anomaly’ ha kaba pynrung ïa ki ‘Khasi States’ hapoh ka Sixth Schedule bad u ong ba ïa ki ‘Khasi States’ la pynhiar kyrdan (relegated) sha ka kyrdan Sixth Schedule
Naduh ka 26.01.1950 (Republic Day), ki ‘Hima Khasi’ kim shym la long ki bynta ba pura jong ka ASSAM, hynrei ki la shu don hapoh u pud u sam jong ka ASSAM tang kat kum ba la batai ha ka First Schedule jong ka Constitution of India. Kumba ki ‘Shnong’ ki don, nangta ki ‘Raid’ ki don, ki ‘Hima Khasi’ ruh ki don haduh mynta. Kata ka ‘Paramount Power’ jong ka Sorkar Bilat kaba la ju don halor ki ‘Hima Khasi’ ka la kut ka la wai naduh ka 15.08.1947 (Independence Day), kat kum ka Section-7 jong ka Indian Independence Act, 1947 ba la pass da ka British Parliament. Na ka history ngi ïohi ruh ba utei u member jong ka Constituent Assembly jong ka Indian Dominion Government u buh ha kine ki kyntien – Although the Constituent Assembly is not to find a remedy for that, yet I must sound a note of warning that this small district of Khasi Hills embraced 25 Native States most of which had treaty rights with the Suzerain power in Delhi. They were asked to join the Indian Dominion in 1947.
Ïa katei ka Paramount Power ym shym la aiti pateng sha ka Constituent Assembly of India. Bad ha ka Sixth Schedule jong ka Constitution of India ym shym la kdew ba la aiti ïa kata ka Paramount Power ha u Governor of Assam lane ha ka District Council. Ki ‘Hima Khasi’ ki sah bad dang sah haduh mynta.
TRH hapoh Assam (naduh 26.01.1950 haduh 20.01.1972)
Ka jingbym-mon jong ki “Khasi States” ban don hapoh Assam imat ka ïai kynto ïa ki khun ki ksiew U Hynniewtrep, bad ki dak ki shin ki paw ha kawei pat ka dur ba ha ka 27.06.1952 ha kaba ki samla shong-skul, hadien ba la kheiñ la diah bha, ki la sngewdei ban pynlong ïa ka “Black Flag Demonstration”. Lah ban ong ba na ita i pliah ding iba rit, la rhem la klang ka ding dawa ban mih noh na Assam (ym dei namar ka Assam Official Language Act; ïa ka Assam Official Language Act dang pass, dang ha ka snem I960), bad kata ka jingdawa ka la paw paidbah lyngba ka “DUR SYIAR” (Election Symbol) ha ka snem1957.
Naduh ka Republic Day – kata naduh ka 26.01.1950, ki Hima Khasi (Khasi States) kim shym la kylla long ki Jamindari – lane ki Ri Kynti jong ka District Council lane jong ka Government of Assam. Namar ba ki Hima Khasi (Khasi States) kim shym la kylla long ki Ri Kynti jong ka District Council lane jong ka Government of Assam, namar kata donkam ka jingpynbeit kaba kham thikna, bad kumta, shi shisngi shuwa ka Republic Day, kata ha ka 25.01.1950 la pynmih ïa kawei ka ORDER – The Khasi States (Administration of Justice) Order, 1950
TRH hapoh Meghalaya (naduh 21.01.1947 haduh mynta mynne)
Ka shim por bun snem ba ka Ri Hynniewtrep kan ïoh lait na Assam. Hooid, ha ka jingïaleh, ha ka kylla step, la lait shiteng lyngba ka “Hill State” Meghalaya.
Naduh 1972, ngi la ïohi bun kiei kiei ki jingïaleh, ki jingpyrshang, ki jingsngewlem kum ka Jaidbynriew Hynniewtrep ban ïa pynbiang ban ïoh ban ïa biang lang, bad ki don bun ki jingjia kiba mih namar ba don ki jingjia ha ka hima ki Lyoh (State of Meghalaya). Lyngba ki por ha kane ka state, lah ïohi bad mad shibun kiei kiei jingjia, kiba wan hap ha ki khep ki khep kum – ka introduction of reservation policy, nangta ïa ki jingkyn-ad halor ka MBOSE, ki jingeh bad jingma kiba mih na ki khap pud jong ka Bangladesh, ka jingkyntur bad dakhol jaka ka Assam ha ki thaiñ khap pud, ka jingpynsa-ngeh ban thung kam ha ki tnat sorkar na ka daw ba ka don ka jingpynjari ïa ki hukum jong ka ?ingshari, ka jingbymsiew ïa ka tulop jong ki nongtrei bad khamtam eh ki nonghikai, ka bamsap, ka jingtroin bad jinghiar arsut ka pule puthi, ka jingkyrduh kam, ka jinglip ka light (nalor ba pynshlur ïa ki samla ban trei kam lajong bad la ka bym salia shaphang ka power sector). Kam don ka jing?iad shaphrang ha ki lad bad kam pynroi (core/basic infrastructures), nangta sa ka jingbymlah ban teh lakam ïa ka jingsaphriang u droks (uba kane ka don eiei sha lyndet na kiwei pat ki bor kiba don ka jingthmu ba sniew ïa ka Jaidbynriew) bad kiwei kiwei kiba ngim sngewnang shuh ban ong la ki dei ki progression ne ki dei ki regression…
Nangta ki TRH hapoh kaei pat nangne ?
Kumba lah kdew haneng, ha ka kylla step ngi la lait shiteng lyngba ka “Hill State” Meghalaya. Shuwa ban leit sha ka kylla miet, to ngin ïa kdat shawei – don ka jingong ba ka Ri bad ka Jaidbynriew kaba klet ïa ka Geography bad History la jong ka lah ban poi shaduh u pud ba ka lah ban jah syndon na sla pyrthei. Ñiuma, nalor ka Geography bad History, ngi don ruh ka purinam (Mythology) kaba long ka mynshem ka mynsaiñ jong ka History jong ka Jaidbynriew hapoh ka Bri U Hynñiewtrep. Hapdeng ka jinglyngngoh bad jingshaiong ba lah ban don shipor arpor, ngi ap kyrmen ïa ka lawei kaba phyrnai, bad kumba ong u Myllung Soso Tham-
SA SHISIEN PAT KIN WIN KI KHLAW,
SA SHISIEN PAT KIN KHIH KI MAW.
Ha ka kylla step ngi lah lait ka shilliang kjat lyngba ka “Hill State” Meghalaya. Sah sa ka kylla miet. Ka por ka ïaid, bad ka paw ba ka Sixth Schedule kam shym la lah ban pynurlong ïa kata ka jingphohsniew, jingangnud bad jingthrang ban pynïoh ha ka Jaidbynriew ïa kata ka jingsynshar kaba ka Jaidbynriew Hynniewtrep ka la ïai pynpaw shynna ha ka 21.07.1949. Te kumta, khlem da ïa thew shuh ïa ka dei ka lait jongno jongno, bad da kaba niewkor ïa ka jubanlak bad jingïateh-kular (Instrument of Accession ryngkat bad ka Annexed Agreement) kiba ki “Khasi States” bad ka Sorkar India ki la ïateh bad ïasoi, kan long kaba biang eh ba ki nongïalam saiñ hima-sima jong ka Ri Hynniewtrep ha East Meghalaya ba kin wad lad bad ban pynphrang ïa ki jabieng jong ki ban ïa ai jingmut noh ïa ka Home Ministry jong ka Government of India ba kan thaw lad ban pynïoh noh da ka “Hynniewtrep State” kaba yn da paw kyrteng syndon ha ka ‘First Schedule’ jong ka Constitution of India”