Haba ka don ha ka jinglong kaba bha, ki rel ki ïaid da ka jingshngaiñ ha ka jingstet kaba kham heh
Da u Ashwini Vaishnaw
Palat 25,000 tylli ki rel ki ïaid ha kylleng ka ri India man ka sngi. Ki kit palat 20 million ngut ki nongleit nongwan man ka sngi bad ki kit ïa u dewïong, ki marpoh khyndew kiba pyndomkam ban shna ïa ki nar, ki marbam, ki nar, dewbilat bad kiwei kiwei ki mar kiba bun lyngba ka rynsan kaba palat 1,37,000 kilomitar.
Ka lynti rel ka dei ka nongrim ha kaba kane ka kam baroh kawei ka treikam. Haba ka don ha ka jinglong kaba bha, ki rel ki ïaid da ka jingshngaiñ ha ka jingstet kaba kham heh. Haba kam long kumta, ki mih ki jingkhanglad bad jingpynslem haduh ki jingma ha ka jingshngaiñ. Ka lynti rel kaba la orpait, ka jingpyndait kaba jem ne ka ballast bed kaba la sahkut baroh ki lah ban ktah ïa ka rukom ïaid jong ka rel.
Da kaba buh ha ka jingmut ia ka jingdonkam jong ka lynti rel, ka Tnad Rel jong ka India ka la sdang ia ka prokram pynthymmai kaba iar palat shiphewsnem mynshuwa. Ka kam ka kynthup ia ka jingpynthymmai ia ka lynti iaid da kaba pyndonkam ia ki mashin kiba katkum ka juk mynta, ka jingtest bad jingpeit bniah lyngba ki rukom kiba thymmai, ka jingpynbha da ki mashin, ka jingker kaba shngain bad kiwei kiwei. Baroh, kine ki jingpyrshang ki la pynkylla ia ka jinglong jingman jong ka rynsan ha ka rukom kaba lah ban iohi.
Naduh u snem 2014, la pynthymmai kumba 55,000 km ki lynti ïaid rel kumta ka la kyntiew ïa ka jingshngaiñ, ka jinglong jingman ka leit ka wan bad ka la pynduna ïa ka jingdonkam ban maramot man ka por. La siang kumba 44,000 tylli ki lynti rel kiba jrong (260 m kawei kawei). Ki panel kiba kham jrong ki mut ba ki jingpyniasoh ki kham duna, kaba ialam sha ka jingleit jingwan kaba kham suk bad kaba shngaiñ jong ka rel. Palat 80,000 tylli ki lynti rel kiba kham khlaiñ 60 kg la pyndonkam mynta, kiba kyrshan ïa ki jingkit kiba kham khia bad kiba kham stet bha.
Ka jingsiang ïa ki lynti rel kiba kham khlaiñ ka long kaba kongsan, hynrei kumjuh ruh ka jingwad ïa ki jingeh ka kloi. La pynlong ïa ka jingtest Ultrasonic Flaw Detection (USFD) ha kylleng kumba 36.2 lak tylli ki track kilometers bad 2.25 klur tylli ki weld, da kaba peit bniah ïa ki jingpait ba la buhrieh hapoh ki lynti rel kiba ym lah ban ïohi na shabar. Kumta, ki jingthut jong ki rel bad ki weld ki la duna kumba 90%, ka jingkyllana kaba pynbeit ia ki jingeh hadien ka jingjia sha ka jingiada lypa ia ki.
Kiwei pat ki rukom ba la pyndonkam mynta ki kynthup ïa ka phased-array testing na ka bynta ki flash-butt weld, ka jingpeit bniah ïa ki weld ba thymmai, bad ki Oscillation Monitoring Systems (OMS) ba pyndonkam da ka GPS kiba thew ïa ka jingbha jong ka jingïaid lynti bad pyni thikthik ia ki jaka ba don ki jaka ba sohkhruhha ka lynti ïaid kali.
Ka jingdon jong ki mashin track ka la kiew ar shah na ka 748 tylli ha u snem 2014 sha ka 1,785 tylli ha u snem 2026. Kine ki mashin ki pyndep ia ka tamping, jingpynkhuid ballast, ha ka rukom ba kham stet bad kham ryntih ban ia ka kam ba leh da u briew.
Ki mashin ki la wanrah ïa ka jingkylla kaba shai ha ka jingpeit bniah ïa ka ballast – ka tduh jong u maw ba la pait hapoh ka lynti ïaid kaba pynbiang ïa ka jingtuid um, kaba pynduna ïa ka jingkynthih, bad kaba pynskhem ïa ka lynti rel. Katba nang mih ki sngi, ki maw ballast ki kylla powder hapoh ka jingkhia bad jingkhih ba man ka por jong ki rel kiba ïaid, kaba khang ia ka bed bad pynduna ia ka jinglah jong ka ban treikam. Ka jingpeit bniah ka pynbha biang ia ka track bed sha ka jinglong kaba biang. Ia kane ka kam la pyndep ha palat 1 lak track kilometre, kaba kham bun da ki mashin.
Ban pynduh ïa ki bynta ba la sniew bad kumta ban kyntiew ïa ka jinglong bad jingshngaiñ jong ka jingïaid lynti, la leh ïa ka jingshut ïa ka lynti rel haduh palat shi lak km.
Da ka jingkiew jong ka jingleit jingwan jong ki rel man la u snem, ki por ban maramot ïa ki lynti rel ki nang duna. Ki mashin ki iarap ban leh kham bun ki kam ha ka por kaba lyngkot khlem da pynthut ia ki jingshakri. Hynrei ka jingshngain ka shong ruh ha ka rukom ba ki rel ki iaid lyngba ki jaka bad ki jaka iaid lyngba. Ka Tnad Rel jong ka India ka la shim katto katne ki sienjam jingkyrshan ryngkat bad ka jingpynthymmai ïa ki lynti rel.
La buh kumba 17,500 km ki jingker na ka bynta ka jingshngaiñ, khamtam ha ki jaka ba ki rel ki iaid palat ia ka 110 kmph, kaba iarap ban iada na ka jingrungtuh jong ki briew bad ki jingri. Ha ki point bad ki jaka crossing, la pynbiang 36,000 tylli ki thick-web switch bad 7,500 tylli ki CMS crossing kiba lah ban weld – kine ki nehslem bad ki ailad ïa ka jingleit jingwan jong ka rel kaba suk. Ki sleeper kiba kham iar bad kham khia ba la pdiang ha u snem 2019 ki kyntiew ïa ka jingskhem, khamtam ha ka por ba shit bha. Ki sleeper H-beam ha ki jingkieng girder bad ki rel ba kham jrong lyngba ki yard ki la pynskhem shuh shuhia ka rynsan.
Kawei na ki jingmih kaba shai jong ka jingpynthymmai ia ka lynti rel ka long ka jingkiew ha ka jinglah ban ïaid stet:
Ka lynti rel kaba kyrshan ia ka jingstet kaba 130 kmphshaneng ka la kiew na ka 6% sha ka 23%. Ka lynti relkiba la biang na ka bynta 110 kmph shaneng ka la kiew na kumba 40% sha ka 80%. Kane ka la pynduna ia ka por leit jingleit, ka la kyntiew ia ka jingbud por, bad ka la plie lad ban pyniaid ia ki jingshakri semi-high speed kum ka Vande Bharat Express.
Ka jingktah lang jong kine ki lad pynthymmai ka paw ha ki jingshngain. Ki jingjia aksiden ki rel ki la duna na ka 135 ha u snem 2014-15 sha ka 16 ha u snem 2025-26 – ka jinghiar kumba 89%. Ka jingjia aksiden ha ka shi million train kilometre ka la kiewna ka 0.11 sha ka 0.01 – ka jingkiew kaba 90%. Kane ka la wan ha ka por ba ka jingïaid ki rel ka la nang kiew: ki rel ki la nang bun, ki nongleit nongwan ki la nang bun, hynrei ki jingjia ki la nang duna.
Ka Track Management System (TMS) kaba pyndonkam da ka web mynta ka wanrah lang ia ki jingtip na ka jingtestultrasonic, ki jingpeit ia ka jinglong jong ka jingiaid lynti bad ka jingthew ia ka lynti rel ha kawei ka rynsan, kaba pynsuk ban buh ia ki jingthmu ba kongsan bad ban shim ia ka sienjam ha ka por.
Khatar snem mynshwa, 60% na ka lynti rel jong ka India ka long kaba duna hapoh 110 kmph, ki jingduh kilynti rel ki jujia bad bunsien ka jingpynbha ka long da ka kti. Mynta, jan 80% na ka rynsan ka peitia ka jingstetkaba 110 kmph ne shaneng, ki jingthut jong ki rel bad ki weld ki la hiar da 90% bad haduh 1,800 tylli ki mashin track ki dang trei. Na ka bynta ki million ngut ki nongleitnongwan bad ki kam khaii kiba shaniah ha ka jingkit mar da ki rel, kine ki jingkylla ki wanrah ïa ka jingkylla kaba shisha – ki jingleitjingwan kiba kham suk, ki por leitjingleit kiba kham lyngkot, bad ka rynsankaba kham lah ban shaniah. Ka kam kam pat kut, hynrei ka jingkiew ka pyni ia kaei kaba ka jingpyrshang kaba skhem bad ka jingbei tyngka kaba iaibteng ka lah ban pynurlong.
U nongthoh udei u Myntri Sorkar Pdeng ba dei khmih ia ka Tnad Rel; Information & Broadcasting; Electronics & Information Technology.