Ki Labour Codes ka India bad ki Kynthei kiba trei: Sha ka ïoh ka kot kaba kham kynthup lang bad kaba ïahap bad ki jinglong jong ki kynthei bad shynrang

Da ka Uma Meiyappan

Hapdeng ka jingbymthikna ha ka ïoh ka kot ha ka pyrthei kaba nang kiew, ka jingpyntreikam ïa ki Labour codes ba thymmai jong ka India ka ai ka lad kaba kongsan ban pynkhlaiñ ïa ka jingskhem hapoh ka ri bad ban kyntiew ïa ka jingroi kaba kynthup lang. Kum ka ri kaba saw ha ka ïoh ka kot ha ka pyrthei, ka India ka ïeng ha ka por ba ka jingpynurlong ïa ka jingthmu jong ka Atmanirbhar Bharat kan shong ym tang ha kaba pynïar ïa ka bor shna tiar ne ka bor teknoloji hynrei kan shong ruh ha kaba tei ïa ki jaka treikam kiba kynthup lang bad kiba skhem. Ka jingkyrshan dalade ka shong ha kaba thaw ïa ka ïoh ka kot ha kaba uwei pa uwei u nongshong shnong, khamtam ki kynthei, ki lah ban ïashim bynta da kaba don jingmut ha ka khana jong ka jingroi jong ka ri.
Ka India ka la kiew bha ha kane ka liang. Katkum ka Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2023-24, ka jingdon jong ki nongtrei kynthei (WPR) na ka bynta ki kynthei kiba la 15 snem shaneng ka la kiew na ka 22.0% ha u snem 2017-18 sha ka 40.3%, katba ka Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) ka la kiew na ka 23.3% sha ka 41.7% ha kajuh ka por. Kine ki jingkheiñ ki pyni ïa ka jingduna kaba jur ïa ka jingïapher hapdeng ki shynrang bad kynthei ha ka jingïashim bynta ha ka ïew ka hat bad ki pyni ïa ka jingkylla kaba bha sha ka jingkynthup lang ïa ka ïoh ka kot kaba kham heh. Hynrei, ka bynta kaba khraw jong ki kynthei ka dang sah ym pat kynthup ha ka kam, bad bun na kito kiba trei ki dang ïai bteng ban pynleit jingmut ha ka kam bym pat pynskhem, ki ïoh ïa ki jingsiew kiba duna, ka jingduna ka jingshngaiñ ha ka kam, bad ka jingduna ka jinglah ban ïoh ïa ka jingïada ha ka imlang sahlang. Naduh ka rep ka riang bad ki kam ïing haduh ki karkhana kiba trei ha ïing bad ki rynsan gig, ka kam ka bym pat pynskhem bunsien ka pyntlot ïa ka ïoh ka kot bad ka jingbym ryntih.
Ha kaba ïadei bad kane, ka jingpynkylla thymmai dangshen ïa ki aiñ treikam jong ka India sha ki saw tylli ki aiñ kiba pura ka ai ka lad kaba kyrpang ban pynbeit ïa kine ki jingduna. Da kaba pynleit jingmut ha ka jinglong ryntih, ka jingïada, bad ka jinglah ban ïoh mar katjuh, kine ki jingpynkylla ki thmu ban buh ïa ka nongrim na ka bynta ka ïew treikam kaba kham kynthup lang bad kaba skhem. Ka India kam long marwei ha kane ka jingpyrshang. Katto katne ki ri kiba dang kiew kynthup ïa ka Vietnam, Indonesia, Egypt, bad Mexico ki la shim ïa ki jingpynkylla kiba kongsan ha ka aiñ treikam ban kyntiew ïa ka jingïashim bynta jong ki kynthei. Kine ki kynthup ïa ka jingpynïar ïa ki jingmyntoi na ka jingkhakhun bad ka jingailad ïa ki kynthei ban trei mynmiet hapoh ki jingïada kum ka jingmynjur mon sngewbha, ka jingpynbiang ïa ka leit ka wan kaba shngaiñ, ka jingshai kaba biang, ka jingpeit jong ki kynthei, bad ki jingïada kiba khlaiñ pyrshah ïa ka jingshah lehbeiñ. Kum kine ki sienjam kim dei tang ban ïarap ban ïoh kam ïoh jam, ki dei ban pynskhem ïa ka burom jong ki kynthei, ka jingkyrshan dalade, bad ka jingdon bynta kaba mar katjuh ha ka jingkiew ha ka ïoh ka kot.
Katba ka India ka dang bteng ïa ka jingïaid lynti jong ka sha ka jinglah ban kyrshan dalade bad ka roi ka par kaba lah ban ïaineh, ka jingbuh ïa ki kynthei ha ka pdeng jong ka polisi bad ka jingpynkylla ïa ka kam kan long kaba kongsan ban tei ïa ka ïoh ka kot kaba kynthup lang bad kaba ryntih. Napdeng ki kyndon kiba bun kiba la buh ha kine ki aiñ, katto katne ki don ka jingmut kaba kyrpang na ka bynta ka jingïashim bynta bad jingpynkupbor jong ki kynthei ha ka ïoh ka kot. Kine ki jingpynkylla ki thmu ban pynlong ïa ki jaka trei kiba kham shngaiñ, bad kiba kham ryntih ban pynthikna ba ki kynthei ki lah ban ïashim bynta, bad ïoh jingmyntoi na ka ïoh ka kot ha ka rukom kaba ïaryngkat bad ki shynrang.
Ka jingpynbeit ïa ka jingñiewshiliang hapdeng kynthei bad shynrang ha ka jingsiew bad ki jinglong jingman ha ka kam
Ki jingpynkylla ha ka jingtreikam jong ka India, khamtam ka Code on Wages (2019) bad ka Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Code (2020), ki thmu ban ïakhun pyrshah ïa ka jingñiewshiliang hapdeng kynthei bad shynrang kaba la don la slem bha ha kaba ïadei bad ka jingsiew bad ki jinglong jingman ha ka kam, kaba ktah ïa ka jingïashim bynta jong ki kynthei ha ka bor treikam.
Ka Code on Wages (2019) ka pynskhem ïa ka nongrim jong ka “jingsiew kaba ïaryngkat na ka bynta ka kam kaba ïaryngkat” da kaba khang pyrshah ïa ka jingñiewshiliang hapdeng kynthei bad shynrang ha ka jingthung kam bad ka jingsiew. Kaba kongsan ka long ba ka pynlong kyllum ïa ka jingpynbiang ïa ka bainong kaba rit tam ha kam ba la pynskhem bad ka kam ka bym pat pynskhem. Kane ka jingpynbeit ka long kaba kongsan na ka bynta ki kynthei ha ki kam kiba kham duna ka tulop, ki kam bym ryntih, namar ka pynthikna ba ki ïoh ïa ka jingkular kaba kongsan na ka bynta ka jingshngaiñ ha ka ïoh ka kot. Shuh shuh, ka jingwanrah ïa ka rukom siew bai bylla kaba ryntih ha ka ri baroh kawei ka pynkhlaiñ ïa ka bor jong ki nongtrei kynthei ban ïakren ïa ka jingsiew kaba dei katba ka pynduna ruh ïa ka jingbymïahap ha ki thaiñ ha ki kyrdan ai jingsiew. Kane ka dei ka sienjam kaba kongsan ban weng ïa ka jingbymïahap ha ka bainong jong ki kynthei bad shynrang bad ban kyntiew ïa ka jingshngaiñ ha ka ïoh ka kot jong ki kynthei ha kylleng ki kam.
Nalor kane, ka OSH Code (2020) ka plie lad ba thymmai na ka bynta ka jingïashim bynta jong ki kynthei ha ka ïoh ka kot da kaba ailad ïa ki ban trei palat ïa ki por trei barim. Mynshuwa la khang da Factory Act of 1948, kaba khang ïa ki kynthei ban trei mynmiet ha ki karkhana bad ki jaka khaïi pateng, kane ka aiñ ba thymmai ka thmu ban pynïaryngkat ïa ka lad hapdeng ki shynrang bad ki kynthei ha kaba ïadei bad ka lad kamai. Ka jingweng noh ïa kane ka jingkhang ka ailad ïa ki kynthei ban trei ha ki shift kiba ju trei da ki shynrang, kumta ka kyntiew ïa ka bor jong ki ban kamai ïa ka bainong kaba lah ban ïanujor bad ki paralok shynrang jong ki. Kum ka nuksa, ki jylla kum ka Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, Punjab, Bihar, Goa, Himanchal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamilnadu, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, bad kiwei kiwei ki la dep ban weng noh ïa ki jingkhang trei miet, kaba la pynlong ïa ka jingkiew ha ka jingtrei jong ki kynthei khlem da ktah ïa ka jingtrei jong ki shynrang, khamtam ha ki kompeni kiba kham heh, kiba shalan mar shabar ri. Kane ka pyni ba ka jingkynthup ïa ki kynthei ha ka jingtrei ha ka por mynmiet ka lah ban pynïar shibun ïa ki lad ki lynti ban ïoh kam ha ki kam ba la pynskhem.
Hynrei ka jingtrei ha ka por mynmiet ka wanrah ïa ki jingeh kiba kyrpang, khamtam ha kaba ïadei bad ka jingshngaiñ. Da kaba pdiang ïa kane, ka OSH Code ka pynthikna ba ki kynthei kin trei tang na ka bynta ki kam miet da ka jingmynjur kaba shai jong ki bad ba ki lad jingïada kiba biang ki don. Ki nongpyntreikam ki dei ban pynbiang ïa ki kali kiba shngaiñ, ki paiñkhana ba kyrpang, bad kiwei kiwei ki lad jingïada, kynthup ïa ki lad ban ïada na ka jingshah thombor. Kane ka jingkylla ka pyni ïa ka jingkynriah noh na ka rukom tynrai, kaba long kum ka rukom treikam da kaba peit na ka liang ki shynrang kaba khanglad ïa ki por trei jong ki kynthei da kaba ai daw ba kane ka long ka jingïada. Ha ka jaka kata, ka ai bor ïa ki kynthei da kaba ailad ïa ki ban jied bad ban kyrshan dalade hapoh ka phang kaba buh hakhmat eh ïa ka jingshngaiñ bad burom jong ki.
Ka jingpynbeit ïa ki jingkitkhlieh ïa ki kynthei bad ban kyntiew ïa ka jingshngaiñ bad ka koit ka khiah ha ka kam
Kawei pat ka mat kaba kongsan kaba ktah ïa ka bor jong ki kynthei ban trei ïa ka kam ka long ka jingbankhia arshah ïa ka kam kaba ki ïakynduh, kaba hap ban pynïahap ïa ka kam ba siew, bad ki kam ha ïing bad ki kam sumar khun. Katkum ka jingkheiñ jong ka International Labour Organisation ha u snem 2023, 748 million ngut ki briew (kiba la 15 snem shaneng), kiba bun na ki kidei ki kynthei, kim shym la lah ban ïashim bynta ha ka bor trei ha ka pyrthei namar ki jingkitkhlieh ban sumar. Nalor kata, ka donkam ïa ki jingdon jingem kiba ïadei bad ki kynthei kiba pynbeit ïa ki jingdonkam bapher bapher jong ki kynthei bad ki shynrang ha ka jaka trei.
Ka OSH Code ka buh ïa ki kyndon kiba rit tam na ka bynta ka koit ka khiah, ka jingkhuid jingsuba, ki jaka leit shabar, bad ki jaka ri khun ha kylleng ki kam, da kaba pynbeit ïa ki jingduna ha ki jingdon jingem kiba la slem bha kiba la khanglad ïa ki kynthei ban ïoh kam, khamtam ha ki kam shna tiar, tih marpoh khyndew, bad shna jingshna. Khamtam eh, ka jingpynbiang ïa ki jaka ri khunlung ba dei ban don ha ki jaka treikam kiba pyntreikam palat 50 ngut ki nongtrei, watla kim dei kiba thymmai, ka ïoh ïa ka jinglah ban pyntreikam lyngba ka jingpynbeit da ka aiñ. Kane ka dei ka sienjam kaba kongsan ha kaba kyrshan ïa ki kmie kiba trei bad ban pynlong ryntih ïa ki jingkitkhlieh ba ïasamlang ïa ka kam ai jingsumar. Da kaba bynrap ïa kine ki kyndon, ki Model Standing Order na ka kam ai jingshakri, ba la pynmih hapoh ka Industrial Relations Code (2020), mynta ki ailad ïa ki jingpynbeit ban trei na ïing kiba pynshong nongrim ha ka jingïasngewthuh jingmut lang hapdeng ki nongpynïaid bad ki nongtrei. Kane ka wanrah ïa ka jinglong kaba lah ban kyrshan shuh shuh ïa ki kynthei ban pynïadei ïa ka kam ba siew bad ka jingkitkhlieh ban sumar, khamtam ha ka jingshakri bad ki kam kiba pynshong nongrim ha ka jingtip.
Nalor kata, ka OSH Code ka bthah ruh ban peit bniah ïa ka koit ka khiah khlem jingsiew man la u snem bad ka buh ïa ka jingkitkhlieh ha ki nongpyntreikam ba kongsan ban pynthikna ïa ki jaka sumar bad jingshngaiñ na ka bynta ki nongtrei kontrak. Kine ki sienjam ki long kiba kongsan khamtam eh na ka bynta ki kynthei, kiba trei ha ki kam ba la ai ïa kiwei ne ki kam ba trei shipor ha kaba la iehnoh beiñ ïa ka koit ka khiah bad ka bha ka miat ha ka kam. Kumjuh ruh ka jingpynleit jingmut ha kaba pynbiang ïa ki kali kiba shngaiñ, ki jaka trei kiba shai bha, bad ki jaka kiba khuid ka lah ban kyntiew ïa ka jingkwah bad bor jong ki kynthei ban trei ha ki por mynmiet ne ki jaka ba jngai. Ki karkhana kiba kham rit, kiba ïaleh ban pynurlong ïa kine ki jingdonkam, ki lah ban ïatreilang bad pynïasoh lang ïa ki jingdon jingem ban pynbiang ïa ki jingdonkam.
Ka jingpynbeit ïa ka jingbym ryntih jong ki kynthei bad ka jingbteng ïa ka jingshngaiñ ha ka imlang sahlang na ka bynta baroh ki nongtrei
Hynrei u mawjam jong ki jingpynkylla ha ka kam jong ka India ka dei ka Code on Social Security (2020), kaba ïaleh ban pynïar ïa ka jingïada ha ka imlang sahlang sha baroh ki nongtrei, khamtam eh ban pynbeit ïa ki kam ba nangkiew jong ki gig bad ki kam bym ryntih. Kane ka pyni ïa ka jingkylla kaba khraw na ki aiñ treikam kiba mynshuwa kiba la pynleit jingmut nyngkong eh ha ki nongtrei ba la pynskhem, kaba la iehnoh ïa kiba bun ki nongtrei jong ka India, khamtam eh ïa ki kynthei, kiba trei ha ki kam bym pat pynskhem, ne kiba treikam lajong. Katkum ka PLFS 2023-24, 61% na ki kynthei kiba trei ha ki kam bym ïadei bad ka rep ka riang ki trei ha ki kam bym pat pynskhem.
Bun ki kynthei ki phai sha ka kam bym pat pynskhem namar ka jinglaitluid ha kaba ïadei bad ka por, khamtam kito kiba pynïahap ïa ka kam ba siew bad ki jingkitkhlieh ban sumar. Kumta, ki kynthei ki kham pynleit jingmut ha ki kam bym pat pynskhem, kum ka rep ka riang, ki kam ha ïing bad ki kam sumar, bad ki kam barit ne ki kam ba trei na ïing ha kaba ka jinglah ban ïoh ïa ka jingïada ha ka imlang sahlang ka dang duna. Nalor kata, bun ki kynthei ki rung ha ka ïoh ka kot jong ki kam ba trei shipor, khamtam ha ki kam ha ïing, ki kam sumar bad ki kam pynbha briew, ha kaba kum kine ki jingmyntoi ki dang duna bha.
Ka jingïada ha ka imlang sahlang ka don ka bynta kaba kongsan ha kaba kyntiew ïa ka bha ka miat jong ki kynthei da kaba ai ka jingshngaiñ kaba donkam ha ka ïoh ka kot. Ka pynduna ïa ka jingshah ktah ki kynthei ha ka jingeh ha ka liang ka pisa tyngka ha ki por ba ki don ka kam kaba ym thikna ne khlem kam. Kum ka nuksa, ka shuti khakhun bad ka health insurance ka pynthikna ba ki kynthei kin lah ban sumar ïalade bad ïa ka ïing ka sem jong ki khlem da buh jingma ïa ka jingbym biang ka pisa tyngka. Ki bai bam tymmen ki ai ka jingshngaiñ kaba jrong samoi, kaba long kaba kongsan khamtam eh na ka bynta ki kynthei, kiba ju mad ïa ka jingkamai kaba duna ha ka jingim jong ki namar ka jingbym ïaryngkat ka jingsiew, ka jingsangeh kam, bad ki kam sumar ïa ki khun ki kti.
Kum ka jingpynbeit ïa kine ki jingeh, ka Code on Social Security (2020) ka wanrah ïa ka jingithuh bad jingpynrung kyrteng ïa ki nongtrei bym pat pynskhem, kiba trei ha ïing, kiba trei kam lajong, kiba trei gig, bad kiba trei ha ki platform. Da kaba pynïar ïa ka jingbatai ïa ka “nongtrei” ban kynthup ïa kine ki kynhun, ka Code ka pdiang ïa ka jinglong ba nang kiew jong ka kam ha India bad ka thmu ban khang ïa ki jingduna kiba la slem bha ha ka jingïada ïa ka imlang sahlang. Nalor kata, ka Code ka pynïasoh ïa ka Maternity Benefit Act (1961) ha ka rukom treikam jong ka, da kaba pynïar ïa ka jingbatai ïa ka “longïing” ban kynthup ïa ki kiaw ki kthaw kiba shaniah ha kiwei pat, da kaba ithuh ïa ki jingkitkhlieh ba kham ïar jong ka jingsumar ba bun ki kynthei ki kit. Da kaba bynrap ïa kine ki kyndon, ka Tnad Labour and Employment ka la dep shim ïa ki sienjam ban thaw ïa ka thup jingtip jong ka ri na ka bynta ki nongtrei bym pat pynskhem bad ki nongtrei bylla, ka ban kyntiew ïa ka jingshai jong kum kine ki nongtrei bad ïarap ban pynïar ïa ka jingïada ha ka imlang sahlang kaba kham bha sha ki nongtrei kynthei ha ka kam bym pat pynskhem.
Hynrei kawei na ki sienjam kaba kongsan kaba la tyrwa hapoh ka Code ka dang long ka jingkynthup ïa ki nongtrei gig bad platform na ka bynta ka jingïada ïa ka imlang sahlang. Mynshuwa la kheiñ kum ki kontraktor ba laitluid, kine ki nongtrei ki hap shabar ka jingpeit jong kiba bun ki jingïada ïa ki nongtrei. Ka Code mynta ka ithuh ïa ka jingnoh synniang jong ki ha ka ïoh ka kot bad ka bthah ban thaw ïa ki skhim jingïada ha imlang sahlang ba kyrpang na ka bynta jong ki. Kaba kongsan ka long ba ka jingwanrah ïa ka rukom noh synniang lang, ha kaba ym tang ki nongtrei hynrei wat ki platform ne ki nongpynïasoh kiba pyntreikam ïa ki kidei ban noh synniang sha kine ki skhim. Kane ka pynlong ïa ka rukom treikam kaba kham ryntih bad kaba lah ban pynneh pynsah ha ka liang ka pisa tyngka, khamtam eh na ka bynta ki nongtrei gig kiba ka jingkamai jong ki bunsien ka long kaba khlem ryntihne kaba ym lah ban tip. Na ka bynta ki kynthei ha ka ïoh ka kot na ki kam ba shipor, kane ka pyni ïa ka sienjam kaba don jingmut ban ïoh ïa ki hok bad ki jingmyntoi ha ka kam kaba ym shym la don ka jingpeit bniah.
Kine ki kyndon ki pyni ïa ka sienjam kaba kongsan ban pynlong ryntih ïa ka kam jong ki kynthei bad ban wanrah ïa ka jingïada kaba ïadei bad ka shynrang bad kynthei hapoh ka jinglong jingman jong ka ïew treikam ha ka ri India. Hynrei, ka jingjop jong ki kan shong ha ka jingpyntreikam bad jingpdiang kaba paka ïa ki kyndon kiba ïadei bad ki kynthei da ka karkhana, ka jingthaw ïa ki lad pynrung kyrteng kiba lah ban ïoh, bad ka jingai jingtip kaba ïaineh ban pynthikna ba ki kynthei ha ki jaka trei bym long ryntih bad ki jaka trei digital ki lah ban dawa ïa ki hok ba la pynjlan mynta sha ki da ka aiñ.
Ha kaba kut, ki labour code kiba bniah ki ai ïa ka lad kaba pynkylla ban pynwandur thymmai ïa ka ïew treikam jong ka ri sha kawei kaba kham ryntih, kaba kynthup lang, bad kaba la pynkhreh na ka bynta ka lawei. Ki kyndon ba kongsan, kum ka jingpynjlan ïa ki jingmyntoi na ka bynta ka jingkhakhun, ka jingweng ïa ki jingkhang ha ka jingtrei ha ki por mynmiet na ka bynta ki kynthei, ka jingpynbna ïa ki jaka ri khun ha ki jaka trei, bad ka jingpynjlan ïa ka jingïada ha ka imlang sahlang sha ki nongtrei bym pat pynskhem bad ki nongtrei gig, ki pyni ïa ki sienjam kiba kongsan ban pynbeit ïa ki jingduna kiba la slem bha ha kaba ïadei bad ki shynrang bad kynthei bad ka jinglong jingman ha ka bor treikam. Hynrei kam biang ban don tang ka jingthmu ban thaw aiñ. Ka jingkylla kaba shisha ka shong ha ka jingpyntreikam ha ka por, kaba ïaryngkat bad kaba treikam bha ïa ki aiñ treikam ha kylleng ki jylla. Kane ka donkam ym tang ïa ka mon saiñ pyrthei, hynrei ïa ki rukom treikam ba khlaiñ jong ki jaka treikam, ka jingïatreilang hapdeng ki jylla, ka karkhana kaba treikam bha bad ka jingpeitngor kaba khlaiñ.
Ban pynurlong ïa ka jingthmu jong ka Atmanirbhar Bharat, ka dei ruh ban ïaleh pyrshah ïa ka jingkiew jong ki Kynthei Atmanirbhar: ba la pynkupbor, ba lah ban kyrshan dalade, bad ba la ïada da ka rukom treikam kaba pynlah ïa ki ban kiew shaphrang. La ha ki jaka rep, ki karkhana, ki rynsan gig, ne ha ki karkhana barit, dei ban ithuh ïa ki kynthei ym tang kum ki nongïoh jingmyntoi na ka jingroi, hynrei kum ki nongtei ïa ka. Ka jingpyntreikam pura ïa ki aiñ treikam mynta kam dei tang ka kam jong ka jingbishar hok ha ka imlang sahlang, ka dei ka kam kaba donkam bha. Kan buh ïa ka nongrim na ka bynta ka ïoh ka kot kaba skhem, kaba ïakhun, bad kaba kynthup lang ïa baroh kaba pynpaw shisha ïa ka mynsiem jong ka jinglah kyrshan dalade bad kaba buh ïa ka India ha ka kyrdan na ka bynta ka jingroi jingpar kaba jrong samoi.

(Nongthoh dei President Nagarathar Chamber of Commerce, Chennai; State Vice President, Laghu Udyog Bharati, Tamil Nadu chapter).