Ki Kynthei, Ka Kam Sumar, bad ka Jingkiew ha ka ïoh ka kot: Ka bor jong ka OSH Code, 2020 ka wanrah jingkylla

Da: ka. Rachna Mehra

Ka jinglong jingman jong ka jingkiew ka ïoh ka kot kaba jrong samoi jong ka India ka ïadei bad ka jingïoh bynta lang kaba pura jong ki kynthei ha ka kam. Lyngba ki nongthaw polisi bad ki jaka treikam kylleng ka pyrthei ki nang ithuh ïa ka lad wanrah jingkylla ïa ka jingïashim bynta jong ki kynthei ha ka ïoh ka kot, ka ri ka sakhi ïa ka bor kaba ai mynsiem. Watla, ka jingïashim bynta jong ki kynthei ha ka kam (LFPR) ha India ka long 32.8% ha u snem 2024, kaba kham duna ban ïa ka LFPR ha ka pyrthei kaba 48.9% bad 59.2% jong ka East Asia, kumba la pyntip da ka International Labour Organization (ILO), ka jinglong kaba dangshen jong ka jingïoh kam ki kynthei ka la nang kiew, kaba la bteng sha ki jaka nongkyndong bad jaka sor. Ka jingïashim bynta jong ki kynthei ha ka kam ha India ka la shah khanglad slem bha namar ki jingeh bapher bapher ha ka imlang sahlang, ka ïoh ka kot bad ka kolshor, khamtam eh ha ki kam ban sumar ïa ka ïing ka sem. Hynrei ki sienjam ba dang shen jong ka sorkar ki pyni ïa ka jingkylla kaba bha ha kane ka bynta.
Ka Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions (OSH) Code, 2020, ka pyni ïa u mawmer ha ka jingïaid lynti ka India sha ka roi ka par kaba ïoh bynta lang. Ka plie ka lad kaba kongsan ban weng ïa ki jingbym ïadei kiba la don tynrai da kaba ïada ïa ki jinglong jingman ha ka kam na ka bynta ki million ngut ki kynthei kiba shah ktah ha ki jaka trei ki bym shngaiñ bad ki jingduna ka jingïada katkum ka aiñ. Da kaba buh ïa ki lad ki lynti kiba ryntih na ka bynta ka koit ka khiah, ka bha ka miat, bad ka jingshngaiñ, ka OSH Code ka long kum ka rukom pynïaid kam bad kum ka jingplie lad ïa ka jingpynïar kaba ïaryngkat ïa ki shynrang bad kynthei.
Ki jingshem ha ka pyrthei ki pyni ba ka jingshngaiñ ha ka kam bad ki jingpynkylla kiba ïadei bad ki shynrang bad kynthei ki kyntiew ïa ka jingïashim bynta jong ki nongtrei. Ka Labour Code jong ka Vietnam jong u snem 2019, kaba la pynïar ïa ka jingïada ha ka por ïoh khunlung bad ka jingshngaiñ ha ki jaka trei, ka la kyntiew ïa ka jingbteng ki kynthei ha ki kam bad ka jingïakhun ha ka kam shalan mar shabar ri. Kumjuh ruh, ki jingpynkylla ha ka kam jong ka Malaysia ha u snem 2022 ki la ïarap ban pynryntih ïa ki jingkitkhlieh haïing hasem bad ki kam ha ki karkhana ba kongsan. Na ka bynta ka India, kine ki nuksa ki ai jinghikai kiba kordor. Ki sienjam kum ka Make in India bad ka Viksit Bharat 2047 ki donkam ïa ka bor treikam kaba seisoh, kaba kynthup lang ïa baroh. Ki kyndon jong ka OSH Code na ka bynta ki komiti jingïada, ki jaka shongthait, bad ki jaka ri khunlung ki lah ban pynduna ïa ki jingkhang lad ha ka jingïoh kam, katba ka jingpyndonkam ïa ka ha kylleng ka pyrthei ka pynïar ïa ka jingïada kaba kongsan sha ki kynthei ha ki kam kiba kham don ha ka jingma bad ki bym long ryntih.
Ka Jinglong jong ka jingshim bynta ki kynthei ha ki kam ha India
Katkum ka kaiphod ba dang shen jong ka Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2023-24, ba la pynlong da ka Tnad Statistics and Programme Implementation, ka jingïashim bynta jong ki kynthei ha ka kam ka la kiew sha ka 41.7% ha u snem 2023-24- ka jingkiew kaba khraw na ka 23.3% ha u snem 2017-18. Watla ka la don ka jingkiew shaphrang, ki jingeh ki dangsah-khamtam eh ki jingshakri ha ki kam ïing ki bym ïoh jingsiew bad ki jingsumar bym ïoh jingsiew na ka bynta ki dkhot jong ka ïing. Kane ka jingïapher ka don wat hapdeng ki jingkiew kiba khraw ha ka pule puthi, kynthup ka jingkiew jong ka jingpynrung kyrteng ki kynthei ha ki jingpule bad ka jinghiar ki jingduna ha ka jingnang jingstad. Kane ka jinglong, kaba la ju khot ka “jingkylla jong ka jingpynlong kynthei,” ka pyni ba ka jingïashim bynta ka hiar ha ka por ba kylla ka ïoh ka kot shwa ban kiew biang. Hynrei ka India ka lah ban long kaba kyrpang; ka jingïashim bynta kaba duna bha ka lah ban ktah ïa ka jingkylla jong ka sha ka ïoh ka kot kaba pdeng bad ka ban khanglad ïa ka jingïasamryntih katkum ka jingbun briew.
Ka bynta jong ka kam ai jingsumar khlem jingsiew
Ka jingkhanglad kaba kongsan eh ïa ka jingïashim bynta ha ka ïoh ka kot ka long ka jingban khia kaba khlem ïahap jong ka kam sumar khlem jingsiew. Ka Time Use Survey (2024) jong ka National Statistical Office (NSO) ka pynpaw ba ki kynthei ha India ki pynlut ar kynta 17 minit man ka sngi ha ka kam sumar khlem jingsiew, haba ïanujor bad ki shynrang ki pynlut shi kynta 15 minit. Ha ka pyrthei baroh kawei, ki kynthei ki pyndep 76% na ki kam sumar khlem jingsiew, hynrei ka jingkit ka kham khia ha India namar ka jingbym biang ki lad sumar khynnah bad ki jingkhmih lynti ha ka kolshor. La kheiñ ha ka 15-17% jong ka GDP jong ka India, kane ka jingtrei bym don jingsiew ka dang sah ha ki jingkheiñ jingdiah ba ryntih.
Kane ka jingbym ryntih ka pynlong ïa bun ki kynthei ban kyntait ïa ki lad kamai ne ban pdiang ïa ki kam kiba kham duna ka jingsiew, ki kam bym long ryntih kiba kham jan sha ïing. Shuh shuh, ki jingpynsangeh ha ka kam na ka bynta ka jingkha khun bad ka jingsumar ki pynduna ïa ki jingkamai ha ka jingim, kaba wanrah ïa ka “jingpynshitom ha ka jingai jingsumar” kaba neh kaba khanglad ïa ka jingpynkupbor ïa ka ïoh ka kot ha ka por kaba jrong samoi.
Ka bor jong ka OSH Labour Code ban wanrah jingkylla
Ka OSH Code, 2020, ka pynïasohlang ïa 13 tylli ki aiñ treikam, kaba pynïahap ïa ki kyndon jingïada na ka bynta baroh ki jaka treikam kiba don 10 ngut ne palat ki nongtrei. Ka pynbeit ïa ki jingkhanglad ha ka jingïakynduh jong ka kam bad ka kam sumar. Da kaba pynïahap bad ka Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act, 2017, ka Code ka ban jur ïa ki hok ha ka por ïoh khunlung bad ka pynthikna ïa ki jingsangeh ban ai jingsumar ban plie lad ïa ka jingbteng ha ki jingtrei.
Kaba kongsan ka long ba ka Code ka kyntiew ïa ka jinglong ryntih ha ka kam ka bym ryntih da kaba wanrah ïa ki nongtrei kontrak bad ki nongtrei bym pat pynskhem hapoh kawei ka jingïada, kaba ai jingmyntoi ïa ki kynthei ha ka kam shna jingshna, ka rep ka riang, bad ki kam ïing kam sem. Da kaba bthah ïa ka jingbym leh shiliang ha ka jingpynrung kam bad ki jinglong jingman ha ka kam, ka pynlong ïa ki jaka trei kiba kham shngaiñ bad kham lah ban shimkhia ïa ki jingeh kiba ïadei hapdeng shynrang bad kynthei kiba la kyntait ïa ki kynthei naduh mynshuwa.
Ki jingïanujor bad ki jinghikai ha ka pyrthei
Ki sakhi na kiwei pat ki thaiñ ki pynskhem ba ki rukom treikam jong ka OSH kiba pyrkhat ïa ki shynrang bad kynthei ki long kiba don bor bha ha kaba ïadei bad ka jingwanrah ïa ka jingkylla. Ka Sweden bad ka Iceland ki ïoh ïa ka jingshim bynta jong ki kynthei ha ka kam kaba palat ïa ka 70% lyngba ki lad jingïada ha ka imlang sahlang kiba pynïasoh lang ïa ka jingshngaiñ ha ka jaka trei, ka jingsumar khun ba la ai jingïarap, bad ka shuti jong ki kmie ki kpa. Ka Japan bad ka South Korea ki dang pynbha suki suki ïa ka LFPR jong ki kynthei da kaba pynïar ïa ki jingïada ha ki jaka trei bad ki jaka ri khunlung. Ha Sub-Saharan Africa, ki jingïada katkum ka aiñ ha ka kam rep ka la kyntiew ïa ka jingïashim bynta jong ki kynthei sha ka 70%. Ki nuksa jong ka Latin America, kum ka Chile bad Uruguay, ki pyni ba ka jingsumar khun ba la bei tyngka da ka sorkar ka kyntiew ïa ka jingtrei jong ki kynthei khlem da pynduh ïa ka jingkiew shaphrang jong ki khynnah. Na ka bynta ka India, kine ki jinghikai ki pynskhem ba ki jingïada OSH ryngkat bad ki jingbei tyngka ha ki lad jingsumar kin wanrah ïa ki jingkylla.
Ka Jingpyrkhat ha ka liang ka ïoh ka kot na ka bynta ka jingai bynta lang ïa ki kynthei
Ka jingbuh hakhmat eh ïa ka jingïashim bynta jong ki kynthei ka long ka jingdonkam ha ka ïoh ka kot. Ka McKinsey Global Institute ka antad ba ka jingpyndap ïa ki jingïapher hapdeng ki kynthei bad shynrang ka lah ban kot sha ka $12 trillion ha ka GDP ha ka pyrthei shuwa u snem 2025, ha kaba ka India kan ïoh kumba $770 billion-ka jingkiew kaba 18% na ki jingkheiñ ba sdang. Ka IMF ka kdew ba ka jingpynduna ha ka jingïashim bynta ka lah ban kyntiew ïa ka GDP haduh 35%. Ka jingtrei jong ki kynthei ka pynkhlaiñ ruh ïa ka bor treikam ki briew pateng la pateng lyngba ka jingbei tyngka kaba kham heh ha ka koit ka khiah bad ka jingpule jong ki khynnah. Ka jingbym lah ban pynïasoh ïa ki kynthei ha ka rukom kaba biang ka wanrah ïa ka jingduh ki lad, kaba ktah ïa ka bor jong ka India ha kaba ïadei bad ka jingbun ki briew.
Ka OSH Code kum ka lad sha ka jingïoh bynta lang
Ka OSH Code ka buh ïa ka jingai bynta ïa ki kynthei kum ka jingdonkam ha ka ïoh ka kot ym tang kum ka lad na ka bynta ka bha ka miat. Da kaba weng ïa ki jingma bad pynduh ïa ka jingpeit shiliang, ka Code ka pynduna ïa ka jingduhnong da kaba pynthikna ïa ki jaka trei kiba shngaiñ bad kiba lah ban pynkylla. Ka jingpynïar ïa ki jingïada sha ki kam ki bym pat pynskhem ka ai jingmyntoi haba pynkylla sha ka kam kaba thikna. Ki nongtrei kiba bun ka sap, kiba sngew skhem ha ka kam ki pynkhlaiñ ïa ka jingmih bad ka jingskhem ha ka ïoh ka kot, kaba ïahap bad ka SDG (Gender Equality) bad SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth).
Ka lynti shakhmat
Ka OSH Code, 2020, kadei ka lad ba kongsan na ka bynta ka jingroi kaba jrong samoi, kaba kynthup lang ïa ki shynrang bad kynthei. Ban pynurlong ïa ka bor jong ka, ka dei ban treikam hapoh ka jinglong jingman kaba pynbeit ïa baroh ki jinglong ha ka jaka trei bad ka jingban khia ha ka kam jingsumar. Ka jingpynkhlaiñ ïa ki jingdon jingem ha ka jingsumar ïa ki khynnah ka long u rishot ba kongsan; ka pynïar ïa ki sienjam kum ka Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) bad ka Skhim National Crèche ka lah ban pynthikna ba ki kynthei kim hap ban jied hapdeng ka jingsumar bad ka kam.
Katba ka Code ka ïada ïa ki nongtrei ba la pynskhem, ki kynthei ha ka kam bym pat pynskhem ki donkam ïa ka jingpynïar ïa ka jinglah ban ïoh ïa ki jingmyntoi kum ka Employees’ State Insurance Corporation (ESIC). Ki campaign pynsngewthuh paidbah naduh ki jaka nongkyndong ki long kiba donkam bha ban pyntip ïa ki kynthei shaphang ki hok jong ki. Ki nongpyntreikam ki dei ruh ban ïadon bynta kum ki nongshim bynta ban pynbiang ïa ki rukom treikam kiba ïadei bad ki shynrang bad kynthei, kynthup ïa ka jingpynbeit por kaba suk bad ka jingsaiñdur kaba ïahap bad ka jingtreikam.
Ka jingshem ha ka pyrthei ka pynskhem ba ki rukom treikam ba khlaiñ jong ka OSH, ba la pynïasoh bad ki jingdon jingem ha ka kam sumar, ki kyntiew shibun ïa ka jingïashim bynta ha ka ïoh ka kot bad ka GDP. Na ka bynta ka India, ban pynïaid ïa ki jingkylla ha kaba ïadei bad ka jingbun briew bad ka jinglong jingman, kane ka jingpynïasoh ka long kaba kyrkieh. Ka jingpyntreikam stet ïa ka OSH Code, ba la kyrshan da ki polisi ba kynthup lang ïa baroh, kan plie lad ïa ka bor treikam jong ki kynthei, ban kyntiew ïa ka jingthmu jong ka Atmanirbhar Bharat bad ban pynthikna ïa ka ïoh ka kot kaba lah ban ïakhun, kaba skhem.

(Ka nongthoh ka dei ka Head – Group HR, Arvind Limited, Gujarat.)